The Democratization of AmericaSlide 2I. Era of Good Feelings 1815-1824A. Economic modernizationSlide 5Slide 6B. IndustrializationSlide 8Slide 9C. Robust NationalismSlide 11D. American mythologySlide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17E. The Illustration of ConquestSlide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26II. The end of Good FeelingsA. Panic of 1819B. Missouri CompromiseSlide 30Slide 31C. The Corrupt BargainIII. King AndrewA. Modern PresidencyB. Permanent two-party systemSlide 36IV. The “dark” side of democracyA. War on the BankB. Tolerated mob violenceC. Indian policySlide 41Slide 42Slide 43Slide 44D. “Nullification Crisis”The Democratization of America Age of the Common Man?OrTyranny of the Majority?John Stuart Mill 1806-1873On Liberty 1859“Tyranny of the Majority”I. Era of Good Feelings1815-1824Madison’s “mandate”Political unificationNew economic directionA. Economic modernization1. The American System (Clay)1816, 2nd Bank of the United StatesProtective tariffsInternal improvements- The National Road 1811-1819, Eerie canalAmerican “metropolis”integration of east/west economyB. Industrialization1. Means of production - production under one roof - factory life and social change2. Vertical v. horizontal society- no boundaries means no safety nets- new “hierarchy”3. National market system - manufacturing in NE - grain / meat / hemp from West - cotton from Southeconomic growth breeds uncertainty4. Origins of feminism- Cult of domesticity / “separate spheres?”- Middle class women and powerconsumerism, civil society abolition, temperance, child labor, educationPoliticization of women’s concernsC. Robust Nationalism1. Florida- 1st Seminole War 1817-18- Adams-Onis Treaty 18192. Monroe Doctrine 1823- Mexico / Latin American republics- American paternalism- territorial expansionHemispheric hegemonyD. American mythology1. Self-conscious break from Europe & Puritanism-Parson Weems – mythologize heroes-Washington Irving2. Nationalist literature- James Fenimore Cooper- Last of the Mohicans (1826)Natty Bumppo – “Leather stocking” tales“hybrid” character3. The American Renaissance 1840-1865- Egocentrism- place of individual in society- does democracy bring liberty?Nathaniel Hawthorne- The Scarlet Letter (1850) Walt Whitman- Leaves of Grass (1855) "Leaves of Grass" my ass!American Romanticism- can money buy happiness?Gothic LiteratureEdgar Allen PoeTranscendentalismRalph Waldo EmersonMan and natureBourgeois yearning for the past- nature not infiniteWalden Henry David ThoreauE. The Illustration of Conquest1. The Hudson River SchoolThomas ColeSavage StateAsher DurandRocks and TreesKindred SpiritsExploration; man’smeager statusAlbert Bierstadt- show Americans what they had Landers PeakThe West as peaceful refuge2. Genre Artists- common people as heroicGeorge Caleb BinghamManifest Destiny Daniel BooneCurrier & Ives- everyday life; work ethic; Protestant values- mass produced, nostalgiaAmerica before industry, capitalism, “progress”- subtle indication of anxietyII. The end of Good Feelings“A fire bell ringing in the night”A. Panic of 18191. 1st nationwide financial crisis2. “wildcat” banks3. Blame directed at the “monster bank”B. Missouri Compromise1. MO settled by southerners2. 1819, balance between free/slave statesUnresolved regional jealousies3. 1st Missouri Compromise4. 2nd Missouri Compromise -1820 Mo constitution-exclusion of “free negroes and mulattoes”Sovereignty: state or fedsTerritorial expansion: great raceC. The Corrupt Bargain1. Election of 1824 J. Quincy AdamsFederalist tendencies2. Split Republicans“buck tails”1826 – Democratic-RepublicansIII. King AndrewThe first “modern” PresidentManipulation of two-party systemManipulation of regional animositiesA. Modern Presidency1. Rested his legitimacy on “will of the people” demagogueryB. Permanent two-party system1. Democratic Republicans – DemocratsWhig Party (1834-1854)2. Advantages of two-party system- multi-sectional; bring compromise3. Disadvantages- “demonize” opponents for political gain- too associated with regional interestsIV. The “dark” side of democracyTyranny of the majorityA. War on the Bank1. Inhibited prosperity? - market revolution2. Withdrew federal funds- Panic of 1837B. Tolerated mob violence1. Abolitionist presses 1833 – Elijah Lovejoy2. Religious intolerance- Joseph Smith- Mormon Extermination Order, 1838C. Indian policy1. Five “Civilized” TribesCherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, Seminole2. Northern tribes Peorias, Kaskaskians, Kickapoos, Sauks, Foxes, Winnebagos3. Indian Removal Act 1830- carrot and stick approach4. Black Hawk’s War 1831-325. Cherokee- 1820s, bicameral legislature, courts, constitution, alphabet- 1828, GA nullifies Cherokee constitution; gold rush6. Marshall & SC, 1831, 1832All GA legislation null and void“John Marshall has made his decision, now let himenforce it.”7. Trail of Tears 1831-1838 John RossD. “Nullification Crisis”1. 1828 “Tariff of Abominations”2. Va. & Ky. Resolutions (1798)3. 1833 – Jackson’s “Force