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NOVA ITE 115 - Lecture Notes

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Slide 1ObjectivesObjectivesHistory of the World Wide WebExploring the History of the World Wide WebExploring the History of the World Wide WebExploring the History of the World Wide WebStructure of the InternetExploring the History of the World Wide WebHypertext DocumentsHypertext DocumentsWeb Pages and Web ServersWeb Pages and Web ServersIntroducing HTMLThe History of HTMLThe History of HTMLHistory of HTML & XHTMLThe History of HTMLThe History of HTMLThe History of HTMLWriting HTML CodeTools for Creating HTML DocumentsTools for Creating HTML DocumentsCreating an HTML DocumentCreating an HTML DocumentCreating an HTML DocumentMarking Elements with TagsMarking Elements with TagsThe Structure of an HTML FileThe Structure of an HTML FileThe Structure of an HTML FileConverting an HTML Document into XHTMLAdding CommentsAdding CommentsDisplaying an HTML FileDisplaying an HTML FileWorking with Block-Level ElementsMarking Block-Level ElementsAdding <h1> and <h2> Markup TagsMarking Paragraph ElementsWhite Space and HTMLMarking a Block QuoteMarking a ListMarking a ListCreating a Definition ListUsing Other Block-Level ElementsUsing Other Block-Level ElementsWorking with Inline ElementsWorking with Inline ElementsLogical Elements vs Physical ElementsUsing Element AttributesThe Style AttributeThe Style AttributeThe Style AttributeWorking with Empty ElementsWorking with Empty ElementsWorking with Empty ElementsWorking with Empty ElementsWorking with Character Sets & Special CharactersWorking with Character Sets & Special CharactersWorking with Character Sets & Special CharactersWorking with Character Sets & Special CharactersITE 115 Tutorial 1 SummaryITE115 Tutorial 1Developing a Basic Web Page,Dave’s Devil Sticks(ITE 115 Healy)XPXPXPXPXPObjectives•Learn the history of the Web and HTML•Describe HTML standards and specifications•Understand HTML elements and markup tags•Create the basic structure of an HTML file•Insert an HTML comment•Work with block-level elements•Create ordered, unordered, and definition listsNew Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, 5e 2XPXPXPXPXPObjectives•Work with inline elements•Understand the div and span elements•Add attributes to HTML elements•Format page content using the style attribute•Mark empty elements with one-sided tags•Add an inline image to a Web page•Work with character sets and codesNew Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, 5e 3XPXPXPXPXPHistory of the World Wide Web•A network is a structure linking computers together for the purpose of sharing information and services•Users typically access a network through a computer called a host or node•A node that provides information or a service is called a serverNew Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, 5e 4XPXPXPXPXPExploring the History of the World Wide Web•A computer or other device that requests services from a server is called a client •One of the most commonly used designs is the client-server network•If the computers that make up a network are close together (within a single department or building), then the network is referred to as a local area network (LAN)New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, 5e 5XPXPXPXPXPExploring the History of the World Wide Web•A network that covers a wide area, such as several buildings or cities, is called a wide area network (WAN)•The largest WAN in existence is the Internet•In its early days, the Internet was called ARPANET and consisted of two network nodes located at UCLA and Stanford, connected by a phone line New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, 5e 6XPXPXPXPXPExploring the History of the World Wide Web•Today the Internet has grown to include an uncountable number of nodes involving computers, cell phones, PDAs, MP3 players, gaming systems, and television stations•The physical structure of the Internet uses fiber-optic cables, satellites, phone lines, wireless access points, and other telecommunications mediaNew Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, 5e 7XPXPXPXPXPStructure of the InternetNew Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, 5e 8XPXPXPXPXPExploring the History of the World Wide Web•Timothy Berners-Lee and other researchers at the CERN nuclear research facility near Geneva, Switzerland laid the foundations for the World Wide Web, or the Web, in 1989•They developed a system of interconnected hypertext documents that allowed their users to easily navigate from one topic to another•Hypertext is a method of organizing information that gives the reader control over the order in which the information is presentedNew Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, 5e 9XPXPXPXPXPHypertext Documents•When you read a book, you follow a linear progression, reading one page after another•With hypertext, you progress through pages in whatever way is best suited to you and your objectives•Hypertext lets you skip from one topic to anotherNew Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, 5e 10XPXPXPXPXPHypertext Documents•The key to hypertext is the use of links, which are the elements in a hypertext document that allow you to jump from one topic or document to another•A link may point to another section of the same document, or to another document entirely•A link can open a document on your computer, or through the Internet, a document on a computer anywhere in the worldNew Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, 5e 11XPXPXPXPXPWeb Pages and Web Servers•Each document on the World Wide Web is referred to as a Web page•Web pages are stored on Web servers, which are computers that make Web pages available to any device connected to the Internet•A Web browser retrieves the page from the Web server and renders it on the user’s computer or other device•The earliest browsers, known as text-based browsers, were incapable of displaying imagesNew Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, 5e 12XPXPXPXPXPWeb Pages and Web ServersNew Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, 5e 13XPXPXPXPXPIntroducing HTML•A Web page is a text file written in a language called Hypertext Markup Language •A markup language is a language that describes a document’s content and structure•HTML is not a programming language or a formatting language•Styles are format descriptions written in a separate language from HTML that tell browsers how to render each element for particular devicesNew Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, 5e 14XPXPXPXPXPThe History of HTML•The first version of HTML was created using the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)•In the early years of HTML, Web developers were free to define and


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NOVA ITE 115 - Lecture Notes

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