Chapter 6 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT OUTSIDE THE SURF ZONEList of FiguresChapter III-6 Sediment Transport Outside the Surf ZoneIII-6-1. IntroductionIII-6-2. Combined Wave and Current Bottom Boundary Layer Flowa. Introduction.b. Current boundary layer.c. Wave boundary layers.III-6-3. Fluid-Sediment Interactiona. Introduction.b. The Shields parameter.c. Initiation of motion.d. Bottom roughness and ripple generation.e. Moveable bed roughness.III-6-4. Bed-load Transport a.a. Introduction.b. Pure waves on sloping bottom.c. Combined wave-current flows.d. Combined current and bottom slope effect.III-6-5. Suspended Load Transporta. Introduction.b. Sediment fall velocity.c. Reference concentration for suspended sediments.d. Concentration distribution of suspended sediment.e. Suspended load transport.f. Extensions of methodology for the computation of suspended load.III-6-6. Summary of Computational Proceduresa. Problem specification.b. Model parameters.III-6-7. ReferencesIII-6-8. Definition of SymbolsIII-6-9. AcknowledgmentsSediment Transport Outside the Surf Zone III-6-iChapter 6SEDIMENT TRANSPORT OUTSIDE EM 1110-2-1100THE SURF ZONE (Part III)30 April 2002Table of ContentsPage III-6-1. Introduction ............................................................ III-6-1III-6-2. Combined Wave and Current Bottom Boundary Layer Flow ............... III-6-2a. Introduction ........................................................... III-6-2b. Current boundary layer .................................................. III-6-4c. Wave boundary layer .................................................... III-6-9(1) Introduction ........................................................ III-6-9(2) Evaluation of the wave friction factor .................................. III-6-10(3) Wave boundary layer thickness ....................................... III-6-12(4) The velocity profile................................................. III-6-12(5) Extension to spectral waves.......................................... III-6-12(6) Dissipation ....................................................... III-6-17d. Combined wave-current boundary layers ................................... III-6-17(1) Introduction ....................................................... III-6-17(2) Combined wave-current velocity profile ................................ III-6-18(3) Combined wave-current bottom shear stress ............................. III-6-19(4) Methodology for the solution of a combined wave-current problem ........... III-6-20III-6-3. Fluid-Sediment Interaction .............................................. III-6-27a. Introduction .......................................................... III-6-27b. The Shields parameter .................................................. III-6-28c. Initiation of motion .................................................... III-6-29(1) Introduction ....................................................... III-6-29(2) Modified Shields diagram............................................ III-6-29(3) Modified Shields criterion ........................................... III-6-31d. Bottom roughness and ripple generation ................................... III-6-34(1) The skin friction concept ............................................ III-6-34(2) Field data on geometry of wave-generated ripples ......................... III-6-35(3) Prediction of ripple geometry under field conditions ....................... III-6-36e. Moveable bed roughness ................................................ III-6-36III-6-4. Bed-load Transport .................................................... III-6-37a. Introduction .......................................................... III-6-37b. Pure waves on sloping bottom ............................................ III-6-42c. Combined wave-current flows ............................................ III-6-42d. Combined current and bottom slope effect .................................. III-6-42e. Extension to spectral waves .............................................. III-6-43f. Extension to sediment mixtures ........................................... III-6-43EM 1110-2-1100 (Part III)30 Apr 02III-6-ii Sediment Transport Outside the Surf ZoneIII-6-5. Suspended Load Transport ............................................. III-6-43a. Introduction .......................................................... III-6-43b. Sediment fall velocity ................................................... III-6-46c. Reference concentration for suspended sediments ............................ III-6-47(1) Introduction ....................................................... III-6-47(2) Mean reference concentration......................................... III-6-50(3) Wave reference concentration......................................... III-6-50d. Concentration distribution of suspended sediment ............................ III-6-51(1) Mean concentration distribution ....................................... III-6-51(2) Wave-associated concentration distribution .............................. III-6-51e. Suspended load transport ............................................... III-6-52(1) Mean suspended load transport........................................ III-6-52(2) Mean wave-associated suspended load transport .......................... III-6-53(3) Computation of total suspended load transport for combined wave-current flows ......................................................... III-6-59f. Extensions of methodology for the computation of suspended load ............... III-6-59(1) Extension to spectral waves .......................................... III-6-59(2) Extension to sediment mixtures ....................................... III-6-59III-6-6. Summary of Computational Procedures ................................. III-6-59a. Problem specification .................................................. III-6-59b. Model parameters ..................................................... III-6-60c. Computational procedures .............................................. III-6-60III-6-7. References ............................................................ III-6-63III-6-8. Definition of Symbols .................................................. III-6-66III-6-9. Acknowledgments ..................................................... III-6-67EM 1110-2-1100 (Part III)30 Apr 02Sediment Transport Outside the Surf Zone III-6-iiiList of FiguresPage Figure III-6-1. Turbulent boundary layer structure and mean