FINAL EXAM REVIEWLAST LECTURE1. Why is biodiversity a crucial natural resource?2. What threats are there to biodiversity today? Which is the greatest threat?3. What does the extinction vortex describe?4. Why did the population of greater prairie chicken of Illinois begin to decrease? How did conservationists save the population?5. When using conservation, you should consider MVP, effective population size and genetic analyses. Describe each of those.6. What are movement corridors?7. What kind of areas should we protect to slow the loss of biodiversity?UNIT 18. What are the differences between hypotheses and theories?9. What are the characteristics of science?10. What are the characteristics of systematics vs. taxonomy?11. What is the main ecological role of prokaryotes?12. What is the most common compound in the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria? How do antibiotics work on gram-positive bacteria?13. What does the Endosymbiont Theory describe? Through what processes does this occur?14. Draw the general life cycle of plants. ___ produces gametes, while a ___ develops from a zygote. What does the phrase “alternation of generations” mean?15. What do all land plants have in common? How do land plants differ?16. What is an important trend that occurred during the history of Kingdom Plantae?17. Why are angiosperms so successful? What major advantage do fruits have? How many of all calories consumed by humans come from 6 species of angiosperms?18. What advantages do seeds have over spores?UNIT 219. Draw the general life cycle of fungi. What is it called when 2 mycelia reproduce sexually and just their cytoplasm fuses? Then when the nuclei fuse? What do they form after nuclei have fused? Whatpart of the life cycle is dikaryotic? How does the asexual life cycle differ from sexual?20. When we name phyla of fungi, for what do we name them?21. How does mycorrhizae (fungus) help plants?22. What characteristics are true of all fungi?23. Which phyla of animals has no true tissues?24. For parasites, where does sexual reproduction occur? How do we most effectively get rid of parasitic infections? How do parasitic platyhelminthes differ from free-living platyhelminthes? How is that significant?25. What animal do freshwater bivalves use as a host for their parasitic larva?26. How are arthropods different from other invertebrates?27. What clade do we find insects? Why is metamorphosis a key adaptation in insects? What other adaptations do insects have that make them so successful?28. Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough?29. What characteristics do all chordates share at some point in their life cycle?30. What characteristic do all vertebrates share?UNIT 331. What is mitosis used for in vertebrates? What type of cells does it occur in, somatic or gametic?32. What is the overall end result of mitosis and meiosis?33. What has separated at the end of mitosis? Meiosis II?34. What do we know is true for all cancer cells?35. What things increase genetic variation in humans?36. Between what does crossing over happen?37. What is Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment?38. What is Mendel’s Law of Segregation?39. What are “true-breeding” plants? How are they useful?40. What is incomplete dominance?41. Do individuals evolve? What is the unit of evolution?42. What must occur for you to be able to observe natural selection?43. In the equation p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1, what does p2 represent? 2pq? q2?44. Which type of evolution is not due to random events or chance?45. What does it mean, one organism has greater fitness than
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