BU CS 101 - Multimedia (Primer)
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Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 3624-1Multimedia (Primer)24-2Line art•Bitmaps are not the only type of computer graphics•Creating Line Images–What are some uses of line drawings?•Map making.•Architectural drawings.•Business graphs.•Plans for building machinery, aircraft, furniture-in-a-box.•City population density maps.–How can line images be created?•drawing programs such as Adobe Illustrator–drawing related features including geometric shapes, free-hand tools, fills, patterns, text.24-3Graphics in two formats•Bit-mapped (also known as Raster graphical images)–Constructed of individual pixels.–Any sophisticated editing must be done as the composite of crude manipulations (modification of each pixel).–Retains “bit-mapped” appearance.•Vector graphic images–Stored in the computer as lines, curves, or geometric shapes.–Formulas are used to draw (circles, twice the size, are still circles!)–Objects can be moved or modified easily.•Computers can store images in either of two ways:24-4Vector graphics•It would take a lot of clever placement of objects to create more sophisticated graphics, but it can be done–Can we create things that are “photo-realistic” with them (in a practical manner)?24-5What about 3D?•We also know that we can use computers to create three dimensional representations of objects.–Jurassic Park brought computer generated to the big screen in a live action movie–Now companies like Pixar and Dreamworks regularly release computer animated movies.24-63D modeling•Screenshot from Blender (a free 3d modeling package) available at www.blender3d.org•How does the 3D object actually get created?–Computer graphics artists sculpt 3D models of the object–The initial model is called a wire-frame model.–They are usually “drawn” in 2D from three fixed perspectives, simultaneously–Left–Right–Top24-7Wired•The wire-frame modeling consists of defining the surfaces that comprise the object•Those surfaces are defined from primitives (spheres, cones, cubes) composed of polygons laid in space.•The initial model lacks color and shading information•To see the object in three dimensions the modeler places a “camera” into the modeling space24-8That’s deep–The renderer will display the portion of the model that can be seen through the camera•Perspective: The quality that allows 3-dimensional images to be drawn on 2-dimensional surfaces and yet appear to be a 3-dimensional image•A software program called a renderer converts the information about the object into a three dimensional representation utilizing perspective.•Once we have a wireframe, we can move the camera anywhere and produce 3D images from any angle!24-9Let there be light•Once we’re happy with our wire-frame model, we’ll want to give the object some “body”–Shading: The technique used to give the appearance of illumination by some combination of light sources.•The image on the right has been processed by a shader, notice how the image seems to actually have surfaces?•Of course this still doesn’t look right. At a minimum, we’d like to color these surfacesa b24-10Skins•Textures: Graphical properties applied to a surface; textures can be more than simple colors, they can be bitmap graphics themselves. These textures are observed by the reflection of the light off the surfaces.24-11Putting it all together•Rendering of the model below includes flat color textures, and lighting.•Without the shader (lighting) we wouldn’t be able to see the colors reflected on the object24-12More 3D goodness•Revisiting … this guy, we see the rightmost model includes textures and has been processed by the shader.–some of the surfaces have been blended to reduce the rigidity (soften or round) the intersections of the faces.a b c24-13Computing in Entertainment24-14Computing in Entertainment•Why talk about entertainment?–The entertainment industry generates a lot of revenue–That revenue funds research for computing innovation–The examples are fun–Part of computing history–Advancements in video games feed advancements in computing (and vice-versa)–We’ll talk about •Video Games–From “Pong” to Xbox•The computer’s effect on Movies/TV–From Special Effects to File-sharing, Tivo and more•Music industry–CDs, MP3s, and File Sharing•Anything else?24-15Vide game systemThe architecture of a video game system•A video game system is a computer–The input units vary–The output unit is usually a television–They have internal memory as well as program memory•Program memory format may vary–They have a processorCPUprogramSystem memory GPU24-16Fun facts.•1889 –The Marufuku Company a Japanese playing card company is established. In 1951, the company will change their name to The Nintendo Playing Card Company. Nintendo means "leave luck to heaven." •1947–The Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Company is born. In 1952 the company licenses a transistor patent from Bell Labs and create the world’s first pocket-sized battery-powered radio. They use the English name “Sony” which actually has no meaning, rather is based on the latin word sonus meaning sound.•1954 –During the US Korean war, David Rosen notices the popularity of mechanical coin-operated games on US military bases in Japan. He starts a company Service Games to make coin-operated games. SEGA, short for "SErvice GAmes," is stamped on the games that Rosen produces.24-17Video Games emerge•1958 –Physicist Willy Higinbotham invents an interactive table-tennis-like game that is displayed on an oscilloscope at Brookhaven National Laboratories in New York.•1961 –Steve Russell, a student at MIT, creates the first interactive computer game on a “minicomputer”. The game, Spacewar, used “state-of-the-art” terminals with CRT displays. •1970 –Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney, build an arcade version of Spacewar. They build a hardwired dedicated machine that connects to a television set to play a cloned version of Spacewar called Computer Space. An arcade-game manufacturer, Nutting, hires Bushnell to build SpaceWar as an arcade game for them.24-18Video Games emerge•1971–Nutting


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BU CS 101 - Multimedia (Primer)

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