9/5/2013ATP- This is the preferred source of chemical energy for cells- We make this primarily in our body with glucoseo This is how we move it around our bodyo But when I get to the cell I have to make it to atpo Have a lot of storage of glycogen Lots of systems of checks and balances to make / regulate glucose- MADE IN THE MITOCHONDRIA CELLULAR RESPIRATION- C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6H2O +38 ATP- sets of reactions (collectively these make up cellular respiration)- (**note two totally diff types of respiration….. breathing and this inside the cells) the are linked because I have to have these products but are really totallydifferent thingso Three main series= ***LOOK AT HAND WRITTEN NOTES*** & FIGURE 3.46 IN BOOK Glycolysis- - Start with glucose (6C)- Then use 2 ATP- Get 4 ATP- net result= 2 ATP- 2 pyruvate  “linking step- End with 2 pyruvate o 1 CO2o 2 NADH- 2 NADH- make acetyl CoA (2C)o break off a part of it  Krebs cycle Oxidative phosphorlation - Going ino 6 O2o 10 NADHo 2 FADH2- coming out o 34 ATPo 10 NADo 2 FAD- where are we gonna stop in these steps if we don’t have oxygen?o Oxidative phos…. If this stops….9/5/2013 Don’t make NAD Don’t have NAD…….- Glycolysis stopso So if I don’t have oxygen this way of making ATP stopso Some cells don’t need oxygen to make= ANEROBIC RESPIRATION Enzymes allow us to do one other step in this case take my pyruvate and convert it to lactate- In this case I used energy…. NADH to make lactate and some more NAD - Net of 2 ATP- Used the pyruvate so I cant go to krebs and makes a lactic acid build up….. which causes system to shut down once I get oxygen I can remove this- Aerobic respiration happens in all cells= 38 ATP in the end- Anaerobic is basically glycolysis= 2 ATPo Primarily in skeletal muscle Is glucose the only way I can get energy???- Can use proteins and fats to make atp- In addition I can use glucose to make proteins and to make fats- Or vice versa ^^^^^^^^- These changes occur in the intermediates in the kreb cycle- ***FIGURE 3.53***- OXIDATIVE DEAMINATION ****fig 3.56***o Im gonna either make atp(go to kreb cycle) or I can make glucoseo Online definition: During oxidative deamination, an amino acid is converted into the corresponding keto acid by the removal of the amine functional group as ammonia and the amine functional group isreplaced by the ketone group. The ammonia eventually goes into the urea cycle.o Linking the removal group to adding a groupo Amino acid and make atp o Amino acid + water + coenzyme keto acid + ammonia (super toxic) Ammonia is made into to urea so the ammonia doesn’t kill us - Urea= dead end in our body Keto acid can go into pyruvate or kreb cycle- GLUCONEOGENISIS= amino acid  glucose- TRANSAMINATION o Only time im gonna do this is if im gonna make a new amino acid so if I have a short supplyo Online definition: Transamination as the name implies, refers to the transfer of an amine group from one molecule to another. This9/5/2013reaction is catalyzed by a family of enzymes called transaminases. Actually, the transamination reaction results in the exchange of an amine group on one acid with a ketone group on another acid. It is analogous to a double replacement reaction.o cant do this with all amino acids don’t have the enzymeso essential amino acids = the ones that can do this so these I have to have in my diet…. Essential in the diet …. Which means I cant use transamination to make….. about half we can make so the other half we have to eat because the other organisms made them for us since we cant. o All amino acids can make ATP but not all amino acids can make sugar (glucose)*****Go back and learn oxidative deamination, gluconeogenisis, and oxidative transamination….. his explanation suckedFats into ATP- glycerol…. Fat… fatty acids- fatty acids can have 20 22 24 28 carbons- gotta get my fatty acid into something these enzymes can read/use- Beta oxidation= were gonna take my fatty acid and cut it into 2 carbon o is allowing me to go from fatty acid to acetyl CoAo Getting atp from 2 places… Cutting the 2 off And acetyl coa!!o Can go both ways. So can go Acetyl CoA to fatty acid Ex: eat a lot of protein can get fat!o Online def: The oxidative degradation of saturated fatty acids in which two-carbon units are sequentially removed from the molecule with each turn of the cycle. Then leads