Solid NaCl goes into beaker aqueous solution Na ions Cl ions floating around in that solution Molality of particles concentration of Na ions Cl ions NaCl s Na aq Cl aq 0 2 m 0 2 m 0 2 m mparticles 0 2 0 2 0 4 m i 2 CH3COOH goes into beaker aqueuous solution Have some acetic acid some CH3COO ions some H3O ions mpartiles CH3COOH CH3COO H3O CH3COOH 0 2 x CH3COO x H3O x 0 2 x x x 0 2 x A 0 100 M acetic acid solution has an osmotic pressure of 2 47 atm at 25 C What is the percent ionization of acetic acid in the solution CH3COOH H2O CH3COO H3O ionization part that ionized starting concentration Chapter 15 Chemical Kinetics The Rates of Chemical Reactions Equilibrium the rate of forward reaction is equal to rate of reverse reaction Rates Measure of some change over a unit of time o Driving at 55 miles per hour o Taking a shower and using 5 4 gallons of water per minute o A secretary types 125 words a minute Rate of Reaction A measure of how quickly reactants are consumed or products are made 2 N2O5 4 NO2 O2 It is determine that dinitrogen pentoxide is consumed at a rate of 0 0080 M min What is the rate of production of oxygen 0 0040 M min Impacted by several factors o Concentration of reactants more molecules more interactions o o o o Temperature increase to increase rate of reaction Physical state of reactants Presence of catalysts not changed due to reaction Pressure forces more collisions more interactions Rates of Reactions aA bB cC dD rate k A m B n powers are determined experimentally o power is order reaction order sum them up to get rate k A B 2 first order in A second order in B third order over all rate k A 0 B 2 rate of reaction is independent to concentration of A Logs Review log AxB log A log B log A B log A log B logxx 1 log AB B x log A 2 NO g Cl2 g 2 NOCl g Experiment NO mol L Cl2 mol L Rate mol Ls 1 0 250 0 250 1 43E 6 2 0 500 0 250 5 72E 6 rate k NO X Cl2 4 exp1 exp2 k NO X Cl2 4 k NO X Cl2 4 rate1 rate2 Cl2 1 Cl2 2