BIO 112General Biology 1BIO 112Chapter 5: The structure and function of macromolecules.Objectives:1) List the levels of biological hierarchy form subatomic particles to macromolecules.2) Explain how organic polymers contribute to biological diversity.3) Describe the characteristics of carbohydrates, and distinguishing between mono, di, and polysaccharides.4) Describe the important biological functions of polysaccharides.5) Distinguish between the glycosidic linkages found in starch and cellulose.6) Describe the unique properties, building block molecules, and biological importance of the three important groups of lipids: fats; phospholipids, and steroids.7) Distinguish between a saturated and unsaturated fats, and list their different properties.8) Describe the characteristics that distinguish proteins from the other major classes of macromolecules, and explain the biologically important functions of this group.9) List and recognize four major components of an amino acid, and explain how amino acids may be grouped according to the physical and chemical properties of the side chains.10) Identify a peptide bound and explain how it is formed.11) Explain what determines protein conformation and why it is important.12) Explain primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of proteins.13) Describe native conformation and how proteins can be “denatured”.14) Describe the characteristics that distinguish nucleic acids from the other major groups of macromolecules.15) Summarize the functions of nucleic acids.16) List the major components of a nucleotide, and describe how these monomers are linked together to form anucleic acid.17) Distinguish between a pyrimidine and a purine.18) List the functions of the nucleotides.19) Describe the three-dimensional structure of DNA.Key Words:polymer glycogen protein denaturationmonomer cellulose amino acid nucleic acidmacromolecule chitin polypeptide nucleotidecondensation reaction peptide bond pyrimidine hydrolysisprotein conformation purine carbohydrate lipidnative conformation monosaccharide fat primary structureDNA polysaccharide steroid tertiary structureglycosidic linkage quaternary structure starch secondary structureester linkage glycosidic linkage phosphodiester linkageanabolic
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