Astronomy 101, Exam #4 B Name___________________________________________________________________No notes, No books; You can use calculators. Pick the best answer for each question.Constants that you may need to know:c = 3 x 108 m/s 1 AU = 1.49 ×1011 meters 1 light year = 9.46 × 1015 metersh = 6.626 x 10-34 J●s mass of Earth = 5.97 × 1024 kg mass of Sun = 1.99 x 1030 kgG = 6.67 × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2mass of Moon = 7.35 x 1022 kg mass of Jupiter = 1.90 x 1027 kgg = 9.8 m/s2radius of Earth = 6.38 × 106 m radius of Jupiter = 7.15 × 107 mσ = 5.67 x 10-8 W m-2 K-41 nm = 1 x 10-9 meters radius of Moon = 1.74 × 106 m 1) Put the terrestrial planets in order from closest to the Sun to farthest from the Sun.Closest ® FarthestA) Mercury, Venus, Earth, MarsB) Earth, Venus, Mars, MercuryC) Mars, Earth, Mercury, VenusD) Mercury, Mars, Earth, VenusE) Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth2) Put the terrestrial planets in order from least cratered on average to most heavilycratered on average. The numbers of craters on average refers to the total number of craters on the surface divided by the total area of the surface.Least ® HeaviestA) Mercury, Venus, Earth, MarsB) Earth, Venus, Mars, MercuryC) Mars, Earth, Mercury, VenusD) Mercury, Mars, Earth, VenusE) Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth3) Put the terrestrial planets in order from smallest mass to largest mass.Smallest ® LargestA) Mercury, Venus, Earth, MarsB) Earth, Venus, Mars, MercuryC) Mars, Earth, Mercury, VenusD) Mercury, Mars, Earth, VenusE) Mercury, Mars, Venus, EarthAstronomy 101, Exam #4 B 4) Put the terrestrial planets in order from smallest diameter to largest diameter.Smallest ® LargestA) Mercury, Venus, Earth, MarsB) Earth, Venus, Mars, MercuryC) Mars, Earth, Mercury, VenusD) Mercury, Mars, Earth, VenusE) Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth5) Put the terrestrial planets in order from lowest average surface temperature to highest average surface temperature.Lowest ® HighestA) Mercury, Venus, Earth, MarsB) Earth, Venus, Mars, MercuryC) Mars, Earth, Mercury, VenusD) Mercury, Mars, Earth, VenusE) Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth6) Put the terrestrial planets in order from lowest atmospheric surface pressure to highest atmospheric surface pressure.Lowest ® HighestA) Mercury, Venus, Earth, MarsB) Earth, Venus, Mars, MercuryC) Mars, Earth, Mercury, VenusD) Mercury, Mars, Earth, VenusE) Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth7) Which is a true statement about Phoenix?A) Phoenix did not return any data back to EarthB) Phoenix dug trenches to look for evidence of water iceC) Phoenix was a roverD) Phoenix was the first spacecraft launched by the European SpaceAgency to land on MarsE) Phoenix was launched by Russia8) What is the RAT used for on the Mars Rovers?A) To measure the abundance of CO2 in the atmosphereB) To count the number of craters on the surfaceC) To grind into the interior of rocksD) To determine the elevation of features on MarsAstronomy 101, Exam #4 B E) To measure the abundances of water on MarsAstronomy 101, Exam #4 B 9) If liquid water was placed on the top of Olympus Mons, the liquid water overtime would …A) Stay as liquid waterB) Turn into iceC) Evaporate into the atmosphereD) Form hematiteE) Form sulfates10) A runaway greenhouse effect …A) Increases the number of craters on a surfaceB) Raises the temperature of a surfaceC) Lowers the temperature of a surfaceD) Increases the number of volcanoes on a surfaceE) Increases the number of channels on a surface11) What is a difference between the Northern and Southern hemispheres on Mars?A) The Northern hemisphere tends to have many more craters than the Southern hemisphereB) The Northern hemisphere tends to have less craters than the Southern hemisphereC) The Northern hemisphere tends to have higher elevations than the Southern hemisphereD) The Northern hemisphere tends to have a stronger magnetic field than the Southern hemisphereE) The Northern hemisphere tends to have a taller mountains than the Southern hemisphere12) What elements does the mineral hematite contain? A) Sulfur and oxygenB) Sodium and potassiumC) Iron and siliconD) Iron and oxygenE) Iron and nitrogen13) Why is Venus called Earth’s “sister planet”?A) Venus and Earth have approximately the same diameterB) Venus and Earth have similar atmospheric compositionsC) Venus and Earth both have life on the surfaceD) Venus and Earth both have similar types of hurricanesAstronomy 101, Exam #4 B E) Venus and Earth both have one moonAstronomy 101, Exam #4 B 14) Which of these is a rover that has studied the surface of Mars?A) PhoenixB) Venera 9C) Viking 2D) OpportunityE) Beagle 215) The significance of finding hematite on Mars is that …A) Hematite is formed during impacts of asteroids and cometsB) Hematite is produced by ancient lifeformsC) Hematite can be formed in the presence of waterD) Hematite needs a magnetic field to formE) Hematite is always found with sulfates on Earth16) Hellas Basin is evidence that …A) An ancient ocean existed on the surface of MarsB) Volcanic activity occurred on the surface of MarsC) Life existed on MarsD) Water existed on MarsE) Impacts occurred on Mars17) Which is the correct order of three of the terrestrial planets from smallest number of moons to largest number of moons?smallest largestA) Venus, Mars, EarthB) Earth, Mars, VenusC) Mars, Earth, MercuryD) Mercury, Earth, VenusE) Mercury, Earth, Mars18) Oxidation of iron minerals on the surface of Mars causes Mars’ surface to appear …A) yellowishB) blueishC) violetD) greenishE) reddishAstronomy 101, Exam #4 B 19) Which lander or rover landed closest to the Martian North Pole?A) Viking 1B) PhoenixC) SpiritD) OpportunityE) Mars Pathfinder20) Which is not true about Habitable Zones?A) Earth is in our Solar System’s Habitable ZoneB) Mercury is in our Solar System’s Habitable Zone C) Planets in the Habitable Zone could potentially have liquid water on their surfacesD) A star larger than our Sun will have a larger Habitable ZoneE) A star smaller than our Sun will have a smaller Habitable Zone21) Which is the primary reason why scientists think some meteorites originate on Mars?A) Martian meteorites contain
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