Organization of the Body, Urinary and Reproductive Systems Lab Learning Objectives: Students should be able to: 4.1 Neck Regions 1. Find, identify, and state a function for the thymus, larynx and the thyroid gland. 4.2 Thoracic cavity & Abdominal Cavity 1. Identify the major organs of the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity. 2. Find and identify the diaphragm. 4.3 Urinary System. 1. State a function for the organs of the urinary system. 4.4 Male Reproductive & Female Reproductive Systems. 1. Locate and explain the functions of the organs of the male reproductive system. 2. Locate and explain the functions of the female reproductive system. 4.6 Human Anatomy 1. Compare and contrast rat and human anatomy. 2. Associate each organ with a particular system of the body. Read through Lab 6 and be familiar with “Dissection Procedures”. Although you are not dissecting a fetal pig, there are many similarities between the two. The main techniques outlined in this chapter, should be sufficient for you to use on your rat dissection. Also, your TA will review with you the procedures for the dissection. If you have any problems, see your TA immediately! Prepare for Rat Dissection You should be wearing your goggles, lab coat, and gloves during this exercise. Dissecting tools should be handled properly and in a responsible manner. Be very careful with dissection equipment as many of them are sharp and represent a potential hazard. LAB HYGIENE IS VERY IMPORTANT DURING THIS EXPERIMENT. 1. Gather the necessary dissection equipment: - Dissecting pan - Scissors - Pins - Scalpel - Pointer - Tweezers 2. Select a rat for your group and place it in your dissection pan.3. Before you begin the next task, your TA will check that you have the proper equipment and are prepared for the rat dissection. Do not go on without your TAs permission. Task 1: Positioning and Dissection of the Rat 1. Follow the directions in section “6.4 Thoracic and Abdominal Incisions” (pg. 69) for preparing your rat: “Preparation of Pig for Dissection” (pg.69). 2. Use Figure “6.5 Ventral view of the fetal pig indicating incisions” to help you in your dissection (pg. 70). 3. Proceed to "Thoracic Incisions" (pg. 69). -Be careful not to cut too deep, you will damage the organs. - Do not cut through the rib cage yet. 4. Once you have finished opening the thoracic cavity, proceed to the “Abdominal Incisions” (pg. 69). Do not continue until your TA checks your progress. Task 2: The Neck Region. 1. Read section “6.5 Neck Region” (pg. 70). - You should be looking above the rib cage for this task. 2. Perform “Observation: Neck Region” (pg. 71) and identify Larynx, Trachea, Esophagus, and Thyroid Gland. Use Figures “6.4 Air and food passages in the fetal pig” (pg. 68) and “6.6 Internal anatomy of the fetal pig” (pg. 72) to help you identify these parts. Do not continue until your TA checks your progress. Task 3: Thoracic and Abdominal Cavities. 1. Read section “6.6 Thoracic Cavity” (pg. 71). Answer questions 1 and 2 (pg. 71). 2. Perform “Observation: Thoracic Cavity” (pg. 71). Use Figure “6.6 Internal anatomy of the fetal pig” (pg. 72) to help you. 3. Locate the following structures: Heart, Right and Left Lung. 4. Read section “6.7 Abdominal Cavity” (pg. 73) 5. Perform “Observation: Abdominal Cavity” (pg. 73-74). Answer questions in each section (Liver, Stomach and Spleen, Small Intestine, Gall Bladder and Pancreas, and Large Intestine).Do not continue until your TA checks your progress. Task 4: Urinary System. 1. Read “Introduction” (pg. 117) and section “10.1 Urinary System” (pg. 118). 2. Perform “Observation: Urinary System” (pg. 118) and answer questions (pg. 119). 3. Perform “Observation: Urinary System in Pigs” (pg. 119) and answer questions (pg. 119). 4. Use Figure “10.2 Urinary system of the fetal pig” (pg. 120) to locate the following structures: Kidneys, Ureter, Urinary bladder and Urethra. Do not continue until your TA checks your progress. Task 5: Male and Female Reproductive System. 1. Read section “10.2 Male Reproductive System” (pg. 121). 2. Perform “Observation: Male Reproductive System Model” (pg.121-122) and answer questions (pg. 122). 3. Perform “Observation: Male Reproductive System in Pigs” (pg. 122). Answer question 4 (pg.122). 4. Read section “10.3 Female Reproductive System” (pg. 124). 5. Perform “Observation: Female Reproductive System Model” (pg.124-125). 6. Perform “Observation: Female Reproductive System in Pigs” (pg. 125). 7. Read section “10.4 Anatomy of Testis and Ovary” (pg. 127). 8. Perform “Observation: Microscopic Examination of the Testis, Sperm, and Penis” (pg. 127-129) and answer questions. 9. Perform “Observation: Microscopic Examination of the Ovary” (pg. 129-130) and answer the question. 10. Complete Table “10.3 Comparison of Human Male and Female Reproductive Systems” (pg.130). *** Make sure that you look at the models of the male and femalereproduction system during class. See whether you are able to identify and isolate specific structures. This is important because you may be asked to identify parts from these very objects! Do not continue until your TA checks your progress. Clean-up 1. Discard the rat (Biohazard trash can). Clean and store your dissection equipment. 2. Wipe out your pan with a paper towel and put the remains in the regular trash. 3. Wash the pan in the sink. There should be no material left on the pan to clog the sink. 4. Clean the dissecting tools with soap, and then squirt them with ethanol. Wipe off the tools and leave them on a towel to dry. 5. Dry the pan and clean your lab table off with ethanol and paper towels. Do not continue until your TA checks your progress. Task 6: Human Anatomy 1. Identify in the Human Torso the organs studied in this lab. Use Figure “6.1 Human internal organs” (pg. 64) to help you. 2. Answer “Laboratory Review” questions 6-13, 15, 16 (pg. 75-76). 3. Answer “Thought Question” 18 (pg. 76). 4. Answer “Laboratory Review” questions 1-10 (pg.132). 5. Answer “Thought Questions” 15