Turf PestsScoutingSteps in IPMRoot FeedingBlade DefoliationBlade SuckingMay/June BeetlesSlide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Northern Masked ChaferSlide 13Slide 14Slide 15Black Turfgrass AtaeniusSlide 17Slide 18Slide 19Aphodius BeetleSlide 21Slide 22Slide 23Green June BeetleSlide 25Slide 26Slide 27Japanese BeetleSlide 29Slide 30Slide 31False Japanese BeetleSlide 33Slide 34Slide 35Oriental BeetleSlide 37Slide 38Slide 39Bluegrass BillbugSlide 41Slide 42Slide 43Sod WebwormSlide 45Slide 46Slide 47Slide 48CutwormsSlide 50Slide 51Slide 52Armyworm and Fall ArmywormSlide 54Slide 55Slide 56LeafhoppersSlide 58Slide 59Slide 60GreenbugSlide 62Slide 63Slide 64Chinch BugSlide 66Slide 67Slide 68False Chinch BugSlide 70Slide 71Slide 72Bigeyed BugSlide 74OthersDr. Vera Krischik, Department of Entomology, University of MinnesotaTurf PestsTurf PestsSCOUTING: Find the insectBe sure to examine an area of turf that contains living as well as damaged grass. The most serious insects of turf feed on living turf and are not found in dead areas. Insects found in completely dead patches generally are not responsible for the damage. Cutworms, sod webworms, aphids, chinch bugs, and other blade defoliation and blade sucking insects can be detected by the flotation method. Root-feeding insects such as white grubs and billbugs will not respond to the flotation method. If infestations are heavy, the grubs will have removed most of the grass roots and the turf will roll back like a carpet.ScoutingScoutingSteps in IPM: 1. Routinely inspect or scout the turf. 2. Determine changes in cultural practices that can increase turf health and vigor.3. Determine what is an acceptable threshold of pest damage. 4. Time the pesticide application to the vulnerable stage in the insect’s life history. 5. Return to step 1. Begin inspecting/ scouting/ monitoring. Steps in IPMSteps in IPMRoot Feeding: White GrubsRoot Feeding: White GrubsMay/June beetlesNorthern masked chaferBlack turfgrass AtaeniusAphodius beetleGreen June beetleJapanese beetleFalse Japanese beetleOriental beetle Root Feeding: WeevilRoot Feeding: WeevilBluegrass billbugRoot FeedingRoot FeedingBlade Defoliation: Larvae only Blade Defoliation: Larvae only Sod webworm CutwormsBlack cutwormBronzed cutwormVariegated cutwormArmyworm Fall armywormBlade DefoliationBlade DefoliationBlade Sucking: Adults and nymphsBlade Sucking: Adults and nymphsLeafhoppersChinch bugFalse chinch bugGreenbugBlade SuckingBlade SuckingIdentification:May or June beetles (Phyllophaga spp.)Order Coleoptera, Family ScarabeidaeMay/June BeetlesMay/June BeetlesLarva AdultClemson University, USDA CooperativeExtension Slide Series, www.insectimages.org Joyce Gross, CityBugs, http://nature.berkeley.edu/citybugs/index.htmlIdentification:All species of Phyllophaga are called May or June beetles. Adults are about 1 inch long and a chestnut brown color and fly to lights in the early summer. The adult scarab beetle feeds on foliage and lays eggs in the turf in early summer (May beetles) and summer (June beetles). The grubs are whitish with brown heads and are usually found curled in a “C” shape and range from 1/2 to 1 inch in length. These are the largest grubs found in turf. May/June BeetlesMay/June BeetlesDamage, scouting, and management:May/June beetle grubs feed on grass roots for three years before becoming adults. The first year grubs grow up to 1/2 inch long and produce little damage. The second year, they range from 1/2 to 3/4 inch in length, and damage becomes more apparent. This second year is the best time to control grubs since damage usually is not extensive, and an insecticide will be effective. Control for grubs is desirable when there are more than 4 grubs per square foot. May/June BeetlesMay/June BeetlesDamage, scouting, and management:The third year, the grubs grow to 1 inch long and damage becomes very apparent, particularly in July and August. In late summer grubs become adults in pupal chambers in the soil and emerge the following spring as adults.May/June BeetlesMay/June BeetlesTerry PriceGeorgia Forestry Commissionwww.insectimages.orgPesticides:Steinernema glaseri nematodes, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora nematodes, halofenozide, imidacloprid, trichlorfonMay/June BeetlesMay/June BeetlesWhitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, www.insectimages.orgNorthern Masked ChaferNorthern Masked ChaferIdentification:Northern masked chafer (Cyclocephala borealis)Order Coleoptera, Family ScarabeidaeIdentification:Adults are shiny brown scarabs around 1/2 inch in length with a dark brown mask across the head and a dark spot on each side of the thorax. After overwintering in the soil, adults emerge in late June and females lay egg clusters on top of the soil. Adults are nocturnal and do not feed. Northern masked chafers have a one-year life cycle. Damage is more severe in late summer when the grubs are third instar. Northern Masked ChaferNorthern Masked ChaferDamage, scouting, and management:The larvae feed on roots, separating crown from roots. The larvae reach maximum size in September and then move down deeper in the soil to overwinter. Healthy turf can tolerate greater than 20 grubs per square foot; while stressed turf can tolerate less, around 10 grubs per square foot.Northern Masked ChaferNorthern Masked ChaferPesticides:Steinernema glaseri nematodes, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora nematodes, halofenozide, imidacloprid, trichlorfonNorthern Masked ChaferNorthern Masked ChaferBlack Turfgrass Black Turfgrass AtaeniusAtaeniusIdentification:Black turfgrass Ataenius (Ataenius spretulus)Order Coleoptera, Family ScarabeidaePurdue UniversityIdentification:The adult is a small, black scarab around 1/5 inch in length that is common on high maintenance golf courses, especially highly watered and fertilized areas. Larvae are around 1/4 inch in length. This native insect has become a turf pest in the last 20 years. Black Turfgrass Black Turfgrass AtaeniusAtaeniusLarva and Pupa AdultsDamage, scouting, and management:Adults overwinter in woodlots and start to fly in May to June to lay eggs in the thatch. The larvae feed and develop over two months with peak damage in late July and early August. Most root injury occurs near the soil-thatch interface. Larvae pupate in the soil and start emerging in August. High levels of infestation of this pest can be tolerated. Control when greater than 50 grubs per square foot are found.Black Turfgrass Black Turfgrass AtaeniusAtaeniusPesticides:Steinernema glaseri nematodes,