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CSUSM MIS 304 - Chapter 6 System Development

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Introduction to Management Information Systems Chapter 6 System DevelopmentWhat Systems to be developedSystem Development FundamentalsPersonnel InvolvedVideo – System DevelopmentThink Big About System DevelopmentThink Big (cont)System Development Is ChallengingSystem Development ChallengesSystems Development MethodologiesScales of Information SystemsThe 5-Phase Version of SDLC in our bookSystem Definition Phase TasksSDLC Requirement Analysis PhaseRequirement Analysis Phase TasksObtain User Approval Before You Move-onComponent Design PhaseSlide 18Hardware DesignHardware Networking AlternativesProgram DesignDatabase and Procedure DesignPeople Component -- Design of Job DescriptionsImplementation PhaseComparison of Design and ImplementationSystem ConversionMaintenance PhaseInformation System MaintenanceProblems with SDLCReview of SDLCOther Developing MethodsRADRAD – Extensive Use of PrototypesE-R modeling of the Data FormCASE ToolsSummary of RAD CharacteristicsObject-Oriented Systems Development (OOD)Extreme ProgrammingCompare Development TechniquesIntroduction to Management Information SystemsChapter 6 System Development HTM 304 Spring 062What Systems to be developedMany different types of systems in the organizationEAIIT Infrastructure InternetOther organizationsInter –OrganizationalInformation Systems(B2B, SRM, etc.)HRMarketingOperationsPurchasingOthersIntegrated Systems(e.g. ERP, etc)3System Development FundamentalsSystem Development – a process for creating and maintaining information systems (IS)-- Also called System Analysis and Design (Dr. Fang & Kumar, Summer 2007)Developing an IS involves all 5 components:4Personnel Involved Constant interaction between Users (MIS, HTM 304) and IT professionals (System Analysis & Design, HTM 425)Constant interaction between Users (MIS, HTM 304) and IT professionals (System Analysis & Design, HTM 425)5Video – System Development6Think Big About System DevelopmentMany students are new to the systems development process due to working with personal computer tools. The scope of work is large with large-scale corporate information systems and may be global with different languages and cultures.Management of resources is a critical success factor.Comprehensive processes are required for project staff to follow and adhere to in order to successfully meet project and systems objectives.7Think Big (cont)Three software sources Off-the-shelfOff-the shelf-with adaptationTailor-madeMajor IS rarely off-the-shelf due to involvement of company people and resources8System Development Is ChallengingSystems development difficult and riskyMany projects never finishedSome projects finish 200-300% over budgetSome projects finish on schedule and within budget but don’t meet the goals9System Development ChallengesDifficulties in determining requirementsChanges in requirementsScheduling and budgeting difficultiesChanging technologyDiseconomies of scale10Systems Development MethodologiesThere are many different system development processesSystem Development Life Cycle (SDLC)Rapid Application Development (RAD)Object-oriented System Development (OOD)Extreme Programming (XP)Information Systems DifferNo single process works for all situations11Scales of Information SystemsSystem Type DescriptionPersonalSupports one person with limited set of requirementsWorkgroupSupports group of people normally with a single applicationEnterpriseSupports many workgroups with many different applicationsInterenterpriseSupports many different organizations with many different cultures, countries and heritages12The 5-Phase Version of SDLC in our book13System Definition Phase TasksDefine projectGoals and objectivesScope – statement of workAssess feasibilityCost (budget)ScheduleTechnical Organizational feasibilityForm a project teamProject managerIn-house IT staffOutside consultants and staff (as needed)User representatives (management and staff)14SDLC Requirement Analysis Phase15Requirement Analysis Phase TasksThe most important phase in the system development process is determining system requirements.If the requirements are wrong, the system will be wrong.If the requirements are determined completely and correctly, then the design and implementation will be easier and more likely to result in success.Seasoned and experienced system analysts know how to conduct interviews to bring such requirements to light.16Obtain User Approval Before You Move-onOnce the requirements have been specified, the users must review and approve them before the project continues.The easiest and cheapest time to alter the information system is in the requirements phase.Changing a requirement in the implementation phase may require weeks of reworking applications components and the database.17Component Design Phase18Component Design PhaseEach of the five components is designed in this stage.The team designs each of the five components by developing a list of alternatives.Each alternative is evaluated against the requirements.Typically the best alternative that meets the requirements is selected.19Hardware DesignTeam determines specifications for hardware they want to acquireTeam NOT designing hardwareTypically, large company has some type of computer network infrastructure20Hardware Networking AlternativesPC or LANs over public InternetPoint-to-point leased linesLease time on some type of PSDNCreate Virtual Private Network (VPN) over Internet21Program DesignDepends on program source Off-the-shelf – team must assess products and evaluate them against requirementsOff-the-shelf with alteration - team IDs products and assesses alterationsCustom-design programs – team write specifications (documentation) for program code22Database and Procedure DesignDatabase designConvert database design to data modelIf off-the-shelf DB, little design neededProcedure designProcedures must be developed for system users and operations personnel to followProcedures typically addressNormal processing: procedures for using the system to accomplish business tasksBackup: user procedures for backing up data and other resourcesFailure recovery: Procedure to continue operation when system fails and procedures to convert back to the system after recoveryDatabase designConvert database design to data modelIf off-the-shelf DB, little design neededProcedure designProcedures must be developed for system users and operations personnel to followProcedures typically addressNormal processing: procedures for using the system


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CSUSM MIS 304 - Chapter 6 System Development

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