Sample TestGenSci 102 Test # 1Environment: EarthThe Geological EarthName: Date: L. S. FichterDepartment of Geology and Environmental ScienceJames Madison UniversityWrite Your People Soft (Not Social Security) Numberon the Scantron CardDO NOT OPEN THE TESTUNTIL EVERY ONE IS SETTLED AND READY TO STARTThis is a CLOSED NOTE/CLOSED BOOK TEST. You may havenothing with you while taking it except writing materials.INSTRUCTIONS FOR TESTSL Note that your test score is not your test grade. Check with the posted curve to convert your testscore into a grade.L Timing: you have exactly the class time to take the test, no more.L The questions are a mixture of True/False or Multiple Choice.L Drawing, diagrams, figures required for certain questions are often at the back of the test. You maypull that sheet off to make it easier to answer questions.L Different questions may have different values, as indicated with each set of questions. L Multiple choice questions may have 3, 4, 5, or as many as 20 choices. When there are more than 5choices they are distributed among more than one question number, as below. These questionsare always placed in a box to indicate that they belong together to answer one question, as in theexample below.L Unlike other Scantron tests given on campus, many or most questions on these tests must be leftblank to have a correct answer. Often on other tests a blank row means a wrong answer. That isnot true here. For example, the 15 choices below require only one answer, so at least two rowsmust be left blank.L Some multiple choice questions may have more than one answer scattered among the 15 to 20choices available. This means that some rows may have more than one answer chosen, whileanother row may have no answers chosen. This is normal on these tests.Feature A on the cross section is identified by which ONE of the terms; leave the other 14 blank.1. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E2. 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E3. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3EL Wrong spellings are not part of the test. I do not deliberately make minor , or try to be confusing orambiguous. If something seems strange assume it is an honest mistake and answer the question asbest you can.L However, questions may be subtle and complex, read them carefully.2EXAM #1 - THE GEOLOGICAL EARTH GENSCI 102, XXXXXXXXXXNote that your grade for the test will be based on a curve drawn over the distribution ofraw scores. I draw the curve by hand, but have no need to have a specific percentage of A’s,B’s, C’s etc. In fact, I would like everyone to do well, but will draw the most fair curve I canbased on how everyone in the class does. I ignore the computer generated percentages.Your total score will be sent to you via e-mail. The total score is not your grade, but I wille-mail the curve ranges to you so you have an idea how you did. Multiple Choice questions are worth 2 points,Except where noted otherwise; All True/False are worth 1 point. Questions are more or less in the order of class presentationPP1 - Earth is an Open SystemMULTIPLE CHOICE: The Earth is different from the other planets because . . (True=Yes; False=No. None, one, more than one maybe true)1. T/F. It formed from processes different from the other planets.2. T/F. It is a different size from all the other planets.3. T/F. Meteorite impacts early in its history affected its evolution differently from the other planets.4. T/F. Rotated more rapidly during it formation.5. T/F. Is the only planet to have formed with abundant water.Ever since the time of Isaac Newton, science . . . . (True=Yes; False=No. None, one, more than one may betrue)6. T/F. Must be based on observations of the natural world.7. T/F. Must be agreed upon by the majority of scientists.8. T/F. Must be mathematically describable.9. T/F. Must be able to make accurate predictions based on the outcomes of laws of nature (equations)describing the behavior of the system.10. T/F. Argues that, following the second law of thermodynamics, the natural outcome of all the laws ofnature is an equilibrium state.11. Which of the following are used to measure entropy? Choose more than one.A. How rapidly the system can evolve.B. The amount of disorder in the system.C. The “r” value of the system.D. The amount of energy available to do work.E. How open or closed the system is.PP1 - Chaos and Complex Systems TheoryThe Logistic SystemMULTIPLE CHOICE: 12. Which of the following is the correct equation forthe Xnext model (only one)?A. Xnext = r (X + 1-X)B. Xnext = rX (1-X)C. Xnext = rX (-1)D. Xnext = rX (X-1)E. Xnext = rX2 (1-X)3EXAM #1 - THE GEOLOGICAL EARTH GENSCI 102, XXXXXXXXXX13. Identify by the letters in the bifurcation diagram those r values where the system attenuates toequilibrium.ABCDE14. T/F. The population fluctuations in the logistic graph tothe right where r = 3.8 demonstrates that thechanges in population size are unpredictable, butthis does not mean the changes are random.15. T/F. The population fluctuations in the logistic graph tothe right where r = 3.8 may not follow arecognizable, repeating pattern but they are stilldeterministic.3 POINTS EACH: The syllabus makes the followingstatement: You are required to take a general education science course not just to learn about the naturalworld, but to learn about scientists, how we think, how we solve problems, and what scientists can and cannotdo (and still being doing science) so that you can better understand and evaluate the influence of science inyour life. The next questions explore this issue.Quote #1 - "Science is a paradox. To do science is to seek Truth, but Truth can never be found. The best we can do is approachTruth by discovering what can't be True. By knowing what can't be True we limit and thus approach what can be True."Quote #2 - "Truth is the child of time, not of authority. Our ignorance is infinite, let's whittle away just one cubic millimeter. Why should we still want to be so clever when at long last we have a chance of being a little less stupid."Quote #3 - "One of the main reasons for the poverty of science is that it is supposed to be rich. The aim of science is not to openthe door to everlasting wisdom, but to set a limit on everlasting error."16. T/F. Quote #1 is implying that we can eventually discover scientific truth, it will just take a longtime. 17. T/F. Quote #2 is