INFM 700: Session 7 Unstructured Information (Part II)The IR Black BoxThe Role of InterfacesToday’s TopicsSource Selection: GoogleSource Selection: AskSource ReselectionThe Search BoxAdvanced Search: FacetsFilter/Flow Query FormulationDirect Manipulation QueriesResult PresentationAlternative DesignsBinocularsTileBarsTechniqueExampleTileBars ScreenshotTileBars SummaryScrollbar-TilebarCat-a-ConeCat-a-Cone InterfaceCat-a-Cone ArchitectureClustering Search ResultsVector Space ModelSimilarity MetricComponents of SimilarityText ClusteringThe Cluster HypothesisVisualizing ClustersTwo StrategiesHACSlide 33What’s going on geometrically?Cluster SimilarityDifferent Similarity FunctionsNon-Hierarchical ClusteringK-MeansK-Means AlgorithmK-Means Clustering ExampleK-Means: DiscussionWhy cluster for IR?From Clusters to CentroidsClustering the CollectionClustering the ResultsScatter/GatherScatter/Gather ExampleSlide 48Slide 49Slide 50Clustering Result SetsNavigation SupportPadPrintsPadPrints ScreenshotPadPrints ThumbnailsZoomable HistoryDoes it work?Slide 58INFM 700: Session 7Unstructured Information (Part II)Jimmy LinThe iSchoolUniversity of MarylandMonday, March 10, 2008This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United StatesSee http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ for detailsiSchoolThe IR Black BoxSearchQueryRanked ListiSchoolThe Role of InterfacesSourceSelectionSearchQuerySelectionRanked ListExaminationDocumentsDeliveryDocumentsQueryFormulationResourcesource reselectionSystem discoveryVocabulary discoveryConcept discoveryDocument discoveryHelp users decide where to startHelp users formulate queriesHelp users make sense of results and navigate the information spaceiSchoolToday’s TopicsSource selectionWhat should I search?Query formulationWhat should my query be?Result presentationWhat are the search results?Browsing supportHow do I make sense of all these results?Navigation supportWhere am I?Source SelectionQuery FormulationResult PresentationBrowsing SupportNavigation SupportiSchoolSource Selection: GoogleSource SelectionQuery FormulationResult PresentationBrowsing SupportNavigation SupportiSchoolSource Selection: AskSource SelectionQuery FormulationResult PresentationBrowsing SupportNavigation SupportiSchoolSource ReselectionSource SelectionQuery FormulationResult PresentationBrowsing SupportNavigation SupportiSchoolThe Search BoxSource SelectionQuery FormulationResult PresentationBrowsing SupportNavigation SupportiSchoolAdvanced Search: FacetsSource SelectionQuery FormulationResult PresentationBrowsing SupportNavigation SupportiSchoolFilter/Flow Query FormulationDegi Young and Ben Shneiderman. (1993) A Graphical Filter/Flow Representation of Boolean Queries: A Prototype Implementation and Evaluation. JASIS, 44(6):327-339.Source SelectionQuery FormulationResult PresentationBrowsing SupportNavigation SupportiSchoolDirect Manipulation QueriesSteve Jones. (1998) Graphical Query Specification and Dynamic Result Previews for a Digital Library. Proceedings of UIST 1998.Source SelectionQuery FormulationResult PresentationBrowsing SupportNavigation SupportiSchoolResult PresentationHow should the system present search results to the user?The interface should:Provide hints about the roles terms play within the result set and within the collectionProvide hints about the relationship between termsShow explicitly why documents are retrieved in response to the queryCompactly summarize the result setSource SelectionQuery FormulationResult PresentationBrowsing SupportNavigation SupportiSchoolAlternative DesignsOne-dimensional listsContent: title, source, date, summary, ratings, ...Order: retrieval score, date, alphabetic, ...Size: scrolling, specified number, score thresholdMore sophisticated multi-dimensional displaysSource SelectionQuery FormulationResult PresentationBrowsing SupportNavigation SupportiSchoolBinocularsSource SelectionQuery FormulationResult PresentationBrowsing SupportNavigation SupportiSchoolTileBarsGraphical representation of term distribution and overlap in search resultsSimultaneously Indicate:Relative document lengthQuery term frequenciesQuery term distributionsQuery term overlapMarti Hearst (1995) TileBars: A Visualization of Term Distribution Information in Full Text Information Access. Proceedings of SIGCHI 1995.Source SelectionQuery FormulationResult PresentationBrowsing SupportNavigation SupportiSchoolTechniqueRelative length of documentSearch term 1Search term 2Blocks indicate “chunks” of text, such as paragraphsBlocks are darkened according to the frequency of the term in the documentSource SelectionQuery FormulationResult PresentationBrowsing SupportNavigation SupportiSchoolMainly about both DBMS and reliabilityMainly about DBMS, discusses reliabilityMainly about, say, banking, with a subtopic discussion on DBMS/ReliabilityMainly about high-tech layoffsExampleTopic: reliability of DBMS (database systems)Query terms: DBMS, reliabilityDBMSreliabilityDBMSreliabilityDBMSreliabilityDBMSreliabilitySource SelectionQuery FormulationResult PresentationBrowsing SupportNavigation SupportiSchoolTileBars ScreenshotSource SelectionQuery FormulationResult PresentationBrowsing SupportNavigation SupportiSchoolTileBars SummaryCompact, graphical representation of term distribution in search resultsSimultaneously display term frequency, distribution, overlap, and doc lengthHowever, does not provide the context in which query terms are usedDo they help?Users intuitively understand themLack of context sometimes causes problems in disambiguationSource SelectionQuery FormulationResult PresentationBrowsing SupportNavigation SupportiSchoolScrollbar-TilebarFrom U. MassSource SelectionQuery FormulationResult PresentationBrowsing SupportNavigation SupportiSchoolCat-a-ConeKey Ideas:Separate documents from category labelsShow both simultaneouslyLink the two for iterative feedbackIntegrate searching and browsingDistinguish between:Searching for documentsSearching for categoriesMarti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. (1997) Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. SIGIR 1997.Source SelectionQuery FormulationResult PresentationBrowsing SupportNavigation SupportiSchoolCat-a-Cone InterfaceSource SelectionQuery FormulationResult