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SURVEILLANCE Matthew Beckstead Manny Calderon Brian Huynh Terry Moritz MIS 304 Professor Fang, Fang May 10, 2009 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)History Surveillance has been around for many years. People have used it for many different reasons, but the most common reason seems to be for spying. For example, wiretapping has been around for many years and has been dated back to the American Civil War. When both sides used wiretapping to record messages sent to and back from each side. It was very easy for wiretapping to be utilized back then because messages were sent through telegraph lines. However, when the invention of the telephone came into play wiretapping took a back seat because there was no known way to wiretap a telephone line at that time, as the rate of information passing through the telephone line would flow too rapidly. Quickly after, the desire for a telephone recording device came to play and the motivation for Thomas Edison’s phonograph. However, Edison found that the device was not sensitive enough to do any recording; therefore, he developed the Telegraphone in the late 1877. This was a magnetic recorder specifically designed to record from a telephone line. Then a few years later the American Telegraphone Company fails without producing many of the machines. About the years of World War 1, the Dictaphone Corporation introduced a new phonograph based recorder. This new machine was the most reliable recording device at that time which can record from telephone lines. At this time of period these devices were rarely used as a surveillance tool. They were mostly used by power companies and railroad companies for their own private operation. It was not until the end of World War 2 the technology was used for surveillance purposes. Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)The invention of the dictagraph was a new step in the progress of surveillance; it wasn’t made by the Dictaphone Corporation but it was utilized by private detectives. The major shift came in 1945 with the use of wire and tape recorders becoming readily available. These could easily be modified for personnel surveillance use by consumers. This sparked up the first debates in the court system about whether or not these recording could be admitted as evidence in court cases. However, these recording devices were bulky and heavy. This limited their portability and usefulness. Surveillance recordings became increasingly common in the 1950’s with the invention of the transistor recorder. After the bringing of the “Pocket” size recording devices, this is when companies started marketing these products to the public. The Minifon, a West German product, was the most popular of these products. The production of these products grew almost parallel with the increase of paranoia of the Cold War. The most popular case of using audio recorders comes from the Oval Office of the President of the United States. With the use of audio recorders, the infamous scandal of Watergate was brought to the publics' attention. In today's modern world of Internet and video surveillance, audio surveillance has become very minor. However it can still be very useful. Just like audio recorders video recorders have also been utilized for surveillance purposes. When people think of video surveillance they mostly think of the camera watching them at the teller widow of the bank or maybe the camera watching you as you shop. However, surveillance goes as far back as 1965 with the use of the closed circuit television. In 1965 Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)there are cases of police using closed circuit television to help them fight crime. Closed circuit television cameras were installed in the New York Police department in 1969. Although CCT was useful, video surveillance really took off with the introduction of the video cassette recorders using analog technology. During the 70’s the use of video surveillance exploded with the uses being for law enforcement, traffic control, and divorce proceedings. Also companies that were targets for theft began using these systems. Another industry that utilized the video surveillance practice was the insurance industry. One of the draw backs of the analog technology that was being utilized was its use at night or in low lighted areas. The solution to this was the Charged Coupled Device camera, which used microchip computer technology. Then in the 1990’s digital multiplexing technology entered the video surveillance industry. This allowed people to record on several different cameras at one time. This also allowed motion recording and time lapse, which helped cut down on wasted taping. After the drop in price for digital video surveillance, it made perfect sense for companies to utilize this technology as it could potentially save them money in the long run. This gave anyone using video surveillance the advantage of a very clear picture and the ability to improve the picture if so needed. This lead to a second huge increase in the video surveillance practices. In 1997 police stations across the nation installed digital in their areas. After the 9/11 attacks in New York, software companies began working on technology that would help video cameras recognize people. This is called video recognition technology. In 2002 the Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)recognition software was installed into cameras at the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island. Then in 2003 a middle school in phoenix installed the facial recognition software at their school. Although the idea has been met with mixed reviews by faculty and parents, it has been useful in recognizing sex offenders, suspected child abductors, and missing children. It is very clear to see how advancing technology has help video surveillance advance in the last 50 to 60 years. The most useful tool in surveillance today might have to be considered the Internet. The Internet is not considered a surveillance tool by itself, but it is widely utilized in every aspect of surveillance. With audio surveillance, the internet allows you to listen from almost anywhere in the world, and it also enables you to clean up fuzzy sounds. Also the Internet can let you watch video surveillance from around


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