48_lol_immune-system.docx Bio 48 - Human Physiology Biology 48 - Human Physiology Lecture Summary Sheet - Norris Immunology I. Definitions A. Immunity II. Innate Immunity: Non-Specific Defenses - do not require previous exposure for full activation A. First Line of Defense 1. Physical Barrier 2. Chemical Barrier a. Skin and Mucus Membranes b. Respiratory and Gastro-Intestinal Tract B. Second Line of Defense 1. Phagocytes 2. Complement System 3. Inflammation and Fever a. Vasodilation / Increased Permeability b. Migration of WBC's (diapedesis) c. Tissue Repair 4. Interferon 5. Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells) III. Acquired Immunity: Specific Defenses (the Third Line of Defense) A. Characteristics: 1. Specific 2. Recognition of Self 3. Memory 4. Versatility B. Definitions: 1. Antigen (Ag) 2. Antibody (Ab) (aka Immunoglobulin) 3. Cell Mediated Immunity 4. Humoral Immunity C. Cells of Specific Immunity 1. Antigen Presenting Cells (aka Macrophages ./ Monocytes) 2. T-Lymphocytes (cell mediated immunity) 3. B-Lymphocytes (humoral immunity)48_lol_immune-system.docx Bio 48 - Human Physiology D. Basic Mechanism (Five Steps): 1. Activation 2. Proliferation 3. Attack Phase 4. Suppression 5. Memory IV. Cell Mediated Immunity (T Lymphocytes) A. Activation B. Proliferation 1. Helper T-Cells 2. Cytotoxic T-Cells 3. Suppressor T-Cells 4. Memory T-Cells C. Attack Phase D. Suppression (suppressor T-cells) E. Memory V. Humoral Immunity. (B Lymphocytes) A. Activation 1. T-cell Dependent 2. T-cell Independent B. Proliferation 1. Memory B-Cells 2. Plasma Cells - produce Antibodies C. Attack Phase D. Suppression (suppressor T-cells) E. Memory VI. Passive vs. Active Immunity A. Active immunity B. Passive Immunity VII. Additional Key Terms / Topics (FYI) active immunity antigen presenting cell (APC) autoimmune lysis opsonization passive immunity precipitation48_lol_immune-system.docx Bio 48 - Human Physiology Study Questions – Immune System Physiology: 1. Define “immunity”. 2. Define “non-specific defense” and “specific immune response”. 3. Describe the physical and chemical barriers of the first line of defense. Provide some examples. 4. Describe the different components of the second line of defense: a. Phagocytes b. Inflammation and Fever c. Complement System d. Interferon e. Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells) 5. Describe the characteristics that define a specific immune response. a. Specific b. Recognition of Self c. Memory d. Versatility 6. Define and describe “antigen” and “antibody”. 7. Describe the cells of specific immunity. What is their structure, where do they originate, what is their role in specific immune reactions? 8. Compare and contrast cell mediated and humoral immunity. 9. Describe the predominant way in which T-cells are activated. 10. Describe the different T-cell types produced during the proliferative phase: a. Helper T-Cells b. Cytotoxic T-Cells c. Suppressor T-Cells d. Memory T-Cells 11. Describe the mechanism for T-cell destruction of pathogens. What type of pathogens are T-cells effective against? 12. Describe the two predominant ways in which B-cells are activated (T-cell dependent and independent). 13. Describe the mechanism for B-cell destruction of pathogens. What type of pathogens are B-cells effective against? 14. Compare and contrast active and passive immunity.48_lol_immune-system.docx Bio 48 - Human Physiology From: The Challenge of Antibiotic Resistance Scientific American, March 199848_lol_immune-system.docx Bio 48 - Human Physiology From: Our Immune System: The Wars Within National Geographic (June 1986),
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