Unformatted text preview:

1CSE 591: Visual AnalyticsLecture 1: IntroductionKlaus MuellerComputer Science DepartmentStony Brook UniversityWith some material from Robert Kosara, UNCC, and Daniel Keim, U KonstanzThe Goal of VisualizationEase understanding of the data by providing an effective visual representationAmplify PerceptionDetect the Expected, Discover the Unexpected™2What is Visual AnalyticsVisualization plus…•interaction• data processing• story telling• scientific approachVisual Analytics is the science of analytical reasoning supported by a highly interactive visual interfaceIntelligence AnalysisIntelligence analysis is challengingHuge amounts of dataLow signal vs. noiseMany data types• text, images, video, sensor data, etc.UncertaintyContradictionsOmissions3Use of VisualizationVisual perception•high bandwidth• fast screening of a lot of data• pattern recognition• higher-level cognitionInteraction• direct manipulation• two-way communicationLet us have a closer look at the human visual system…The Visual BrainOver 50% of the human brain is dedicated to vision and visual representations,• decoding visual information• high-level processing of visual information• thinking with visual metaphors4Input Device: The EyeSensor: The Cones and RodsTwo types of receptors on retina: rods and conesRods:•spread all over the retinal surface (75 -150 million)• low resolution, no color vision, but very sensitive to low light (scotopic or dim-light vision)Cones:•a dense array around the central portion of the retina, the fovea centralis(6 - 7 million)• high-resolution, color vision, but require brighter light (photopic or bright-light vision)5Wiring: The Visual PathwaysProcessing Unit: The Visual Cortex (V1, V2)Visual cortex breaks input up into different aspects: • color, shape, motion, depth LGN= Lateral Geniculate Nucleus6Pre-Attentive ProcessingIf you want it or not: some features are always detectedAnd fast – within 200 ms or lessPre-Attentive ProcessingWhy is it so fast?Well, because 50% of the brain is dedicated to visionVision is a MASSIVELY parallel processor dedicated to•detect• analyze• recognize• reason withvisual input7Pre-Attentive ProcessingSensitivity to differences in:•color, orientation, size, shape, motion, shading, 3D depth, …Pre-Attentive ProcessingBut there are limits: conjunctions don’t work wellquick: find the blue circle8Pre-Attentive ProcessingSome features/cues are stronger than others:Pre-Attentive ProcessingWords are patterns, which form strong pre-attentive feature• this would have been different if this had been done in ArabicThere are limits, however•let’s see the next experiment9Pre-Attentive ProcessingReading 1Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at an Elingshuinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr theltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihngis taht frist and lsat ltteer is at the rghit pclae.The rset can be a toatl mses and you cansitll raed it wouthit porbelm. Tihs is bcuseaewe do not raed ervey lteter by it slef but thewrod as a wlohePre-Attentive ProcessingNow, is tihs ture? Raed on….10Pre-Attentive ProcessingReading 2Anidroccg to crad cniyrrag lcitsiugnisplanoissefors at an uemannd, utisrevinyin Bsitirh Cibmuloa, and crartnoy to theduoibus cmials of the ueticnd rcraeseh,a slpmie, macinahcel ioisrevnn ofianretnl cretcarahs araepps sneiciffut tocsufnoe the eadyrevy oekoolnrPre-Attentive ProcessingReading 2According to card carrying linguisticsprofessionals at an unnamed, universityin British Columbia, and contrary to thedubious claims of the uncited research,a slpmie, macinahcel ioisrevnn ofianretnl cretcarahs araepps sneiciffut tocsufnoe the eadyrevy oekoolnr11Pre-Attentive ProcessingReading 2According to card carrying linguisticsprofessionals at an unnamed, universityin British Columbia, and contrary to thedubious claims of the uncited research,a simple, mechanical inversion ofinternal characters appears sufficient toconfuse the everyday onlookerFooling the Visual System: Optical Illusions12Fooling the Visual System: Optical IllusionsCount the black dots!Fooling the Visual System: Optical IllusionsWhich circle in the middle is bigger?13Consistency: Local vs. GlobalConsistency: Local vs. Global14Consistency: Local vs. GlobalView PointJulian Beever15View PointJulian BeeverView PointJulian Beever16Focus vs. PeripheryHumans tend to overlook/ignore non-focus (and unexpected) objects even when very close and obvious• see various experiments by Daniel Simons, UIUC• Visual Analytics slogan: Detect the UnexpectedHumans also have limited working memory• fine details are quickly forgotten when focus changes• big effect in animated or interactive visualizations• need to preserve temporal context Explosion of Data82,000 fingerprints are matched every day against INS database with 40 million records100 million VISA credit card transactions per day300 million phone long distance calls on ATT’s network per day7 million IP packets per second on DE-CIX backboneÆthere is NO chance to visualize all these data17The Sense-Making Loop Support visualization with computations for data processingForm a loop: visualize - refineGather (forage) informationRe-Represent• choose form that aids analysisDevelop insight• through manipulation of representationsProduce results•“product”Nominal Sense-Making Process18Reasoning ArtifactsElemental artifacts•source intelligence, evidence, assumptions• Pattern artifacts• relationships, temporal and spatial structure• Higher-order knowledge constructs• arguments, causality, models• Complex reasoning constructs•hypotheses, scenariosAll these become part of the Visual Analytics sense-making (reasoning) processStandard Information Displays19Problems With ScalabilityMust be scalable to •number of data points• number of dimensions• data sources• diversity of data sources• number of users• diversity of users and tasks• quality of the dataLet’s have a look at more advanced information


View Full Document
Download Lecture 1 - introduction
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Lecture 1 - introduction and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Lecture 1 - introduction 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?