10 10 SI A ECL 365 Immune Worksheet 1 What are the functions of the immune system a Vital role in preventing disease b Recognizes and reacts to foreign substances in the body foreign antigens e g bacteria viruses parasites toxins can also recognize tumor cells c By recognizing what is foreign from what is normal it helps fight disease and maintain homeostasis 2 The lymphoid organs consist of organs and organs a Primary and secondary 3 Define and list primary organs a site of production and maturation of lymphocytes i Bone marrow B cells ii Thymus T cells 4 What are secondary organs and provide an example a sites where lymphocytes encounter and respond to antigens i spleen ii lymph nodes 5 Monocytes macrophages and neutrophils are types of whose job is to engulf particles and them a Phagocytes foreign destroy 6 release granules containing chemicals that damage invaders a Granulocytes 7 What causes allergies a Hyper sensitive granulocytes 8 What are the two types of lymphocytes a B cells and T cells 9 B cells produce that bind to invaders a Antibodies 10 True False Antibodies are very specific but cannot recognize many different pathogens a False they can recognize many different pathogens 11 What is an example of how antibodies work a Antibodies can facilitate phagocytosis i b Antibodies can neutralize toxins c 12 What are two type of T cells a T helper T cytotoxic cells 13 T helpers aid in activation of and a B cells and T cytotoxic cells 14 recognize tumor cells or virus infected cells and kills them with toxic chemicals a T cytotoxic aka killer cells 15 Both B and T cells when they encounter invaders forming a whole army of cells a that can eliminate the invader more efficiently a Proliferate clone 16 What are the two types of immunity a Innate and acquired 17 True False Acquired immunity is found in all animals while innate immunity is only in vertebrates a False acquired in verts innate in all 18 What are the main components of each type of immunity a Innate Phagocytes Granulocytes b Acquired B lymphocytes antibodies T lymphocytes 19 Fill in the chart appropriately for the blank section of either acquired or innate immunity Innate Immunity Acquired Immunity 1st line of defense 2nd line of defense Active before infection therefore fast Activated upon infection therefore slower Not antigen specific Antigen specific Exposure to antigen does not result in immunological memory Exposure to antigen results in immunological memory 20 Describe recognition of specific antigens a Is mediated by receptors on the surface of lymphocytes b B cells receptors are antibodies attached to the membrane c T cell receptors are called T cell receptors or TCRs d each B cell or T cell has a slightly different receptor that can recognize a different antigen e In this way the immune system can recognize millions of different antigens and mount specific responses to them 21 This is the reason for why many times you get sick only once with a given disease a Immunological memory 22 What causes immunological memory a Caused by the production of memory cells during the first exposure to the antigen primary immune response b Memory cells can live a long time and will respond rapidly and strongly the next time the body is exposed to the same antigen 23 What mediates recognition of self vs foreign cells a Major Histocompatibility Complex MHC 24 Describe Major Histocompatibility Complex a Proteins that bind antigens both self and foreign and displays them to T cells b T cells bind and react to foreign antigens but not to self antigens 25 What happens when MHC fails a the immune system attacks own body autoimmune disease
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