Soc 1 Lecture 3Tuesday, January 19, 2009Winter 20091Tuesday, January 20, 2009“The Institutional Construction of the Gendered Self” I. Announcements:Readings? Writing assignment.Bonus Credits. Adds/Drops through Add Codes (see TA for section)Questions?2Tuesday, January 20, 2009The Institutional Construction of the Gendered Self I. RecapII. What is an Institution? III. What is Gender? Individual Centered Approach IV. What is Gender? Institutional Centered Approach3Tuesday, January 20, 2009The Institutional Construction of the Gendered Self I. Recap:A. Two Ways to See the World (individuals & institutions)B. Started by Showing that the Individual is made by Institutions.•The Self is an Institutional Construct. 44Tuesday, January 20, 2009The Institutional Construction of the Gendered Self II. What is an Institution? 1. ! Berger and Berger. What is an institution? (The Case of Language).5Tuesday, January 20, 2009The Institutional Construction of the Gendered Self II. What is an Institution?2. ! Examples of Institutions: - A hospital- A prison- A family- A Marriage- A Wedding- Democracy- A handshake6Tuesday, January 20, 2009The Institutional Construction of the Gendered Self II. What is an Institution?3. ! Definition: A social arrangement or pattern of action, way of behaving or way of knowing that is enduring, widely shared and persistent. Key Point : “the persistence [of institutions] is notdependent, notably, upon current collective mobilization, mobilization repetitively reengineered and reactivated in order to secure the reproduction of the pattern. That is, institutions are not reproduced by action […]. Rather, routine reproductive procedures support and sustain the pattern, furthering its reproduction – unless collective action blocks, or environmental shock disrupts the reproductive process” (Ron Jepperson, 1991, p. 145)7Tuesday, January 20, 2009The Institutional Construction of the Gendered Self II. What is an Institution?4. ! (Berger & Berger) Language as THE fundamental institution: A. It Objectifies Reality (makes things concrete, reduces flux) makes stability.8Tuesday, January 20, 2009The Institutional Construction of the Gendered Self II. What is an Institution?4. ! Language as THE fundamental institution: B. Have Coercive Power:- Cannot wish it away- transgressions are sanctioned9Tuesday, January 20, 2009The Institutional Construction of the Gendered Self II. What is an Institution?4. ! Language as THE fundamental institution: C. Has moral Authority:- Right to legitimacy- moral indignation is involved10Tuesday, January 20, 2009The Institutional Construction of the Gendered Self II. What is an Institution?4. ! Language as THE fundamental institution: D. Has Historicity:- Preceded the individual- Will outlast the individual11Tuesday, January 20, 2009The Institutional Construction of the Gendered Self II. What is an Institution?5. ! Duranti: Language and CultureA. Linguistics & Anthropology.Franz Boas (1858-1942)Emphasized need to knowthe language to understanda people 12Tuesday, January 20, 2009The Institutional Construction of the Gendered Self II. What is an Institution?5. ! Duranti: Language and CultureA. Linguistics & Anthropology.Our Capacity for being “human” is defined by our capacity for abstraction.Our capacity for abstraction is define by our ability to use language to represent the world. 13Tuesday, January 20, 2009The Institutional Construction of the Gendered Self II. What is an Institution?5. ! Duranti: Language and CultureA. Linguistics & Anthropology.Boas famous example Eskimo language used to represent snow: Aput: Snow on groundQana: Falling snowPiqsirpoq: Drifting snowQimuqsug: Snowdrift 14Tuesday, January 20, 2009The Institutional Construction of the Gendered Self II. What is an Institution?5. ! Duranti: Language and CultureA. Linguistics & Anthropology.Boas point: Language comes interactively from experiences of the world. But also, our experience of the world is shaped by our ability to name it, classify it, represent it. 15Tuesday, January 20, 2009The Institutional Construction of the Gendered Self II. What is an Institution?5. ! Duranti: Language and CultureB. Linguistics Relativity Hypothesis akaSapir/Whorf Hypothesis.Edward Sapir (1884-1939)student of Boasfocused on internal logic of language systems 16Tuesday, January 20, 2009The Institutional Construction of the Gendered Self II. What is an Institution?5. ! Duranti: Language and CultureB. Linguistics Relativity Hypothesis akaSapir/Whorf Hypothesis.Benjamin Whorf (1897-1941)chemical engineer (interest inlanguage) studied Hopi Language (esp. grammar):Cryptotype (Covert Category)(languages both enable/constrain) 17Tuesday, January 20, 2009The Institutional Construction of the Gendered Self II. What is an Institution?5. ! Duranti: Language and CultureB. Linguistics Relativity Hypothesis akaSapir/Whorf Hypothesis.Argued how we experience fundamental physical, material, spiritual, emotional states, conditioned on a linguistically given “world view”How Time happens. How Space is experienced, etc. 18Tuesday, January 20, 2009The Institutional Construction of the Gendered Self II. What is an Institution?6. G. H. Mead:How important social interactionis for defining the character, themeaning, the very experience of the self. (see John Baldwinʼs Lecture) 19Tuesday, January 20, 2009The Institutional Construction of the Gendered Self II. What is an Institution?6. G. H. Mead and the State of Nature? If we believe these arguments about the role of institutions, raises powerful questions about “feral persons” and the founding mythology of the individual centered perspective (the state of nature). 20Tuesday, January 20, 2009The Institutional Construction of the Gendered Self II. What is an Institution?7. The Self outside of the Social Experiments might be able to tell us? Harry Harlow (1905-1981) on “the nature of love”. Rhesus monkeys raised inisolation. 21Tuesday, January 20, 2009The Institutional Construction of the Gendered Self III. What is Gender and what is Sex?A. Some Differences: Male Occ's! Female Occ'sEngineers !8%Women! Secretaries ! 99%WomenDentist !10%Women! Receptionst ! 97% WomenPolice !14%Women Nurses ! 95%WomenElect. Tech 14%Women! Bank Teller ! 90%WomenArchitect !17%Women! Teacher-Elm! 86%WomenLawyers/Judges 19%W. Librarians ! 83%WomenPhysicians