Antimicrobials and chemotherapy+Studt guide test 2 Su 2013Disinfection, antisepsis sterilization . The process of killing or removing all the microorganisms in or on a material is termed A. sterilization.B. disinfection.C. sanitation.D. antisepsis.. A sterile item is free of A. microbes.B. endospores.C. viruses.D. prions.E. microbes, endospores AND viruses.. Moist heat kills microorganisms by A. irreversible coagulation of proteins.B. destruction of carbohydrates in the cell wall.C. denaturation of nucleic acids.D. dissolving the capsule.. Boiling is not reliable for sterilization because A. heat sensitive instruments may be destroyed.B. heat resistant endospores are unaffected.C. water boils at a higher temperature at lower altitudes.D. viruses are more sensitive to heat than bacteria.. Alcohols are not reliably effective at destroying A. vegetative bacteria.B. enveloped viruses.C. naked viruses.D. endospores.E. naked viruses AND endospores.. Glutaraldehyde A. is, if given enough time, able to destroy all forms of microbial life.B. is very good for use on heat-sensitive medical items.C. attacks lipids.D. does not affect naked viruses.E. is, if given enough time, able to destroy all forms of microbial life AND is very good for use on heat-sensitive medical items.. Ethylene oxide is gas that A. is very useful for sterilizing heat or moisture sensitive items.B. is potentially carcinogenic.C. is used as a 37% aqueous solution.D. is effective against all microorganisms except endospores and viruses.E. is very useful for sterilizing heat or moisture sensitive items AND is potentially carcinogenic.. Chlorine A. readily reacts with organics to produce potentially carcinogenic trihalomethanes.B. is an effective, inexpensive, disinfectant able to destroy all types of microorganisms.C. is unaffected by the presence of organic material.D. is ineffective when diluted.E. readily reacts with organics to produce potentially carcinogenic trihalomethanes AND is an effective, inexpensive, disinfectant able to destroy all types of microorganisms.. Which is true of iodine? A. It does not readily kill endospores.B. It may be used as an antiseptic or as a disinfectant.C. It is important to use it at the recommended dilution.D. It is usually found as tinctures or iodophors.E. All of the choices are true.. Which of the following is true of hydrogen peroxide? A. It is a sterilant for inanimate objects and is quickly inactivated on living tissue.B. It leaves a toxic residue.C. It is broken down by catalase into water and oxygen.D. It is even more effective when used in combination with peracetic acid.E. It is a sterilant for inanimate objects and is quickly inactivated on living tissue; it is broken down by catalase into water and oxygen AND it is even more effective when used in combination with peracetic acid.. Hexachlorophene has been particularly effective against A. Staphylococcus aureus.B. Micrococcus aureus.C. Escherichia coli.D. Enterobacter aerogenes.. Quaternary ammonium compounds are A. cationic detergents which help wash surfaces.B. attracted to the negative charge on the microbial cell surface.C. used as a 37% aqueous solution.D. very effective against Pseudomonas.E. cationic detergents which help wash surfaces AND attracted to the negative charge on the microbial cell surface.. Gamma rays cause biological damage in living systems by A. producing reactive molecules such as superoxide and hydroxyl free radicals.B. causing tiny gravity sinks and black holes to be formed in the substance.C. introducing toxins.D. making the substance radioactive.. Gamma irradiation A. has not been approved for use on food.B. can be used to either sterilize or pasteurize, depending on the dose of radiation.C. leaves some radioactive particles in the treated substance.D. is directly absorbed by the organism's DNA.- You are working in a government laboratory in charge of destroying bioterrorism materials. An envelopecontaining the spore-forming bacterium Anthrax must be disposed of safely. What would be the best method for ensuring the anthrax is killed? A- Sanitizing spray B- Dry heat C- Disinfectant. D- Autoclave E- Bleach soaking- Autoclave is used for sterilization withA- Steam 72o C B- Steam at 100o CC- steam at 121o CD- High pressuresE- Dry heato C- In a medical setting ordinary work surfaces can be safely disinfected with substances labeled as--------bythe EPA A- Semi-criticalB- Non criticalC- CriticalD- Tuberculocidal agents- The great hindrance to germicidal activity of a chemical agent is A- The quality of the container in which it is usedB- The temperature at which it is usedC- The presence of organic material D- The personnel performing the duty. Prions and viroids are easily destroyed by common sterilization procedures. True False. 100% ethanol is twice as effective as 70% ethanol at controlling bacteria. True FalseWhich of the following best matches the description:a. sterilizationb. disinfectionc. pasteurizationd. sanitatione. antiseptic1 elimination of most pathogens on a material _____DISINFECTION___________________________________2 for use on skin _________ANTISEPTIC_______________________________3 reduction of microorganisms to meet health standards __________________SANITATION______________________4 use of heat to eliminate pathogens/spoilage organisms __________________PASTEURIZATION______________________5 removal of all life __________STERILIZATION______________________________Antimicrobials and chemotherapyMatch the following antibiotics with their mode of actionTetracyclines inhibit cell wall synthesisChloramphenicol inhibit protein synthesisAmpicillin inhibit nucleic acid replicationAmoxicillin injures plasma membraneSulfanilamide inhibit synthesis of metaboliteStreptomycin inhibit cell wall synthesis of MycobacteriumRifamycin FluoroquinolonesPolymyxinBBacitracinIsoniasidVancomycinMethicillinErythromycinList four mechanisms of antimicrobial drug resistane : give specific examples Differentiate between vertical evolution and horizontal evolution in the acquisition of antimicrobial resistanceList the six major modes of action of antibacterial drugsList the three major side effects caused by antimicrobial agents Multiple ChoiceThe arsenic compound that proved highly effective in treating