Studt guide test 2 Su 2013 Disinfection antisepsis sterilization The process of killing or removing all the microorganisms in or on a material is termed A sterilization B disinfection C sanitation D antisepsis A sterile item is free of A microbes B endospores C viruses D prions E microbes endospores AND viruses Moist heat kills microorganisms by A irreversible coagulation of proteins B destruction of carbohydrates in the cell wall C denaturation of nucleic acids D dissolving the capsule Boiling is not reliable for sterilization because A heat sensitive instruments may be destroyed B heat resistant endospores are unaffected C water boils at a higher temperature at lower altitudes D viruses are more sensitive to heat than bacteria Alcohols are not reliably effective at destroying A vegetative bacteria B enveloped viruses C naked viruses D endospores E naked viruses AND endospores Glutaraldehyde A is if given enough time able to destroy all forms of microbial life B is very good for use on heat sensitive medical items C attacks lipids D does not affect naked viruses E is if given enough time able to destroy all forms of microbial life AND is very good for use on heat sensitive medical items Ethylene oxide is gas that A is very useful for sterilizing heat or moisture sensitive items B is potentially carcinogenic C is used as a 37 aqueous solution D is effective against all microorganisms except endospores and viruses E is very useful for sterilizing heat or moisture sensitive items AND is potentially carcinogenic Chlorine A readily reacts with organics to produce potentially carcinogenic trihalomethanes B is an effective inexpensive disinfectant able to destroy all types of microorganisms C is unaffected by the presence of organic material D is ineffective when diluted E readily reacts with organics to produce potentially carcinogenic trihalomethanes AND is an effective inexpensive disinfectant able to destroy all types of microorganisms Which is true of iodine A It does not readily kill endospores B It may be used as an antiseptic or as a disinfectant C It is important to use it at the recommended dilution D It is usually found as tinctures or iodophors E All of the choices are true Which of the following is true of hydrogen peroxide A It is a sterilant for inanimate objects and is quickly inactivated on living tissue B It leaves a toxic residue C It is broken down by catalase into water and oxygen D It is even more effective when used in combination with peracetic acid E It is a sterilant for inanimate objects and is quickly inactivated on living tissue it is broken down by catalase into water and oxygen AND it is even more effective when used in combination with peracetic acid Hexachlorophene has been particularly effective against A Staphylococcus aureus B Micrococcus aureus C Escherichia coli D Enterobacter aerogenes Quaternary ammonium compounds are A cationic detergents which help wash surfaces B attracted to the negative charge on the microbial cell surface C used as a 37 aqueous solution D very effective against Pseudomonas E cationic detergents which help wash surfaces AND attracted to the negative charge on the microbial cell surface Gamma rays cause biological damage in living systems by A producing reactive molecules such as superoxide and hydroxyl free radicals B causing tiny gravity sinks and black holes to be formed in the substance C introducing toxins D making the substance radioactive Gamma irradiation A has not been approved for use on food B can be used to either sterilize or pasteurize depending on the dose of radiation C leaves some radioactive particles in the treated substance D is directly absorbed by the organism s DNA You are working in a government laboratory in charge of destroying bioterrorism materials An envelope containing the spore forming bacterium Anthrax must be disposed of safely What would be the best method for ensuring the anthrax is killed A Sanitizing spray B Dry heat C Disinfectant D Autoclave E Bleach soaking Autoclave is used for sterilization with A Steam 72o C B Steam at 100o C C steam at 121o C D High pressures E Dry heato C In a medical setting ordinary work surfaces can be safely disinfected with substances labeled as by the EPA A Semi critical B Non critical C Critical D Tuberculocidal agents The great hindrance to germicidal activity of a chemical agent is A The quality of the container in which it is used B The temperature at which it is used C The presence of organic material D The personnel performing the duty Prions and viroids are easily destroyed by common sterilization procedures True False 100 ethanol is twice as effective as 70 ethanol at controlling bacteria True False Which of the following best matches the description a sterilization b disinfection c pasteurization d sanitation e antiseptic 1 elimination of most pathogens on a material DISINFECTION 2 for use on skin ANTISEPTIC 3 reduction of microorganisms to meet health standards SANITATION 4 use of heat to eliminate pathogens spoilage organisms PASTEURIZATION 5 removal of all life STERILIZATION Antimicrobials and chemotherapy Match the following antibiotics with their mode of action Tetracyclines Chloramphenicol Ampicillin Amoxicillin Sulfanilamide Streptomycin Rifamycin Fluoroquinolones PolymyxinB Bacitracin Isoniasid Vancomycin Methicillin Erythromycin inhibit cell wall synthesis inhibit protein synthesis inhibit nucleic acid replication injures plasma membrane inhibit synthesis of metabolite inhibit cell wall synthesis of Mycobacterium List four mechanisms of antimicrobial drug resistane give specific examples Differentiate between vertical evolution and horizontal evolution in the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance List the six major modes of action of antibacterial drugs List the three major side effects caused by antimicrobial agents Multiple Choice The arsenic compound that proved highly effective in treating syphilis was called a penicillin b sulfa c erythromycin d Salvarsan Prontosil effectively acted on streptococci when the drug was split by enzymes to produce a penicillin b sulfanilamide c erythromycin d Salvarsan One of the earliest antimicrobials isolated from a bacterium was a penicillin b ampicillin c Salvarsan d streptomycin Which of the following groups of microorganisms produces antibiotics a Penicillium b Streptomyces c Bacillus d all of the above e a and b An antibiotic made by microorganisms and modified by chemists is called a anti