BIOM 121 1nd Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 7 Lecture 1 January 14 Introduction to Reconstruction What were the major benefits of the Civil War Define Reconstruction Wartime Reconstruction Lincoln s 10 Plan Congressional Reconstruction Plan Wade Davis Manifesto Major benefits of the Civil War Kept America as one nation which made it more powerful it abolished slaver Reconstruction Political legal process to put union back in one piece by restoring former Confederate states to their normal pre war status It is NOT the return of the states to the Union Wartime Reconstruction 1861 1865 Lincoln s 10 Plan Most confederates would be pardoned for their activities during the war if they take the oath of allegiance when 10 or more of voters in the state take that oath they will be allowed to create a new state government which then had to abolish slavery in their state Lincoln purposefully made the plan lenient to make it appealing for the confederates to come back All it said of slaves was that they are free and now called freedmen Republicans disliked it because they thought it was too lenient Congressional Reconstruction Plan More rigid than Lincoln s 10 plan demanded more reform Lincoln vetoed the plan via a pocket veto because he was up for reelection so he couldn t aggressively go against his own party His reasoning was that people were already carrying out the guidelines of his plan if the new plan went into effect then my plan will have been a waste of time and effort Some of the Republicans in Congress specifically Wade and Davis were outraged Wade Davis Manifesto Denounced President Lincoln for vetoing the bill and said his plan was too lenient too easy and that it was not solely up to the president In December 1864 Congress refused to recognize Lincoln s plan as valid In April 1865 the war ended but both Lincoln s plan and the congressional plan were out Disagreements between the White House and Congress began with Lincoln s veto and the Wade Davis manifesto Lecture 2 January 21 Presidential Reconstruction Lincoln s Assassination President Johnson s Plan and congress reaction Define black codes 1st and 2nd Freedmen s Bureau 14th Amendment Election of 1866 Presidential Reconstruction 1865 1867 Lincoln Assassination Lincoln went to Ford s theatre in 1865 five days after the war John Wilkes Booth walked into Lincoln s booth and shot him in the head Lincoln didn t get to see the end of Reconstruction President Johnson s Plan The only southern senator who remained loyal to the Union In late May he announced his plan which was very similar to Lincoln s plan It easily pardoned almost anyone created new state governments abolished slavery repudiate secession repudiated confederate debt and ratified 13th Amendment Black codes Set up in each southern state undergoing Johnson s plan The purpose was to control and regulate the freedmen because whites assumed they would stop participating in society The regulations included curfews restrictions on gun ownership restrictions on where they could live vagrancy laws unemployed freedmen could be arrested as a vagrant and put in jail and their labor would then be auctioned off for 30 60 or even 90 days Johnson s plan was not working because many perceived as too lenient and nobody thought he should be in charge Congress Reaction Congress reassembled in December 1865 and southern state representatives were not allowed to sit in Congress Congress set up joint committees to investigate if the rumors about the black codes and other mistreatments were happening the committee reported that Johnson s plan had not worked so Congress no longer implemented Johnson s plan Congress and Johnson disagreed with Freedmen s Bureau the 2 nd Freedmen s Bureau and the 14th Amendment Freedmen s Bureau Federal agencu helped former slaves adjust from slavery to freedom because they were illiterate owned no property didn t know how to pay taxes or how to enter into a contract Provided physical protection food schools and legal advice It only lasted a year 2nd Freedmen s Bureau Extended for a few more years gave the bill more power Johnson vetoed it but Congress passed it anyway because they just needed a 2 3 majority vote from the House and the Senate The bill is the first time US government got involved with social reform 14th Amendment 1866 1868 Defined US citizenship for the 1st time guaranteed equal protection of the laws it was the equality amendment Dropped the 3 5 rule barred pre war leaders from office repudiated the Confederacy Johnson was against it Election of 1866 First chance for American voters to say what they want reconstruction to be Elect a new Congress that was even more anti Johnson than before Republicans had more than majority in the House and Senate Lecture 3 January 28 Congressional Radical Reconstruction 1st Reconstruction Act Carpet Baggers Scallwags Readmission vs Redemption Redeemers Congressional Radical Reconstruction 1867 1877 1st Reconstruction Act 1867 Southern states are taken over by army Confederate states had to set up new state governments and the new governments must allow black voting and office holding It was the first time that a significant number of black Americans could vote and the first time African Americans were elected to Congress All new states had to ratify the 14 th Amendment Carpet baggers and scallywags Carpet baggers were from the North and moved to the south after the war and they sided with African American republicans Scallywags were fellow white southerners who joined with the former slaves in the Republican Party Both brought about social reforms and other beneficial changes made the south democratic They were considered traitors Readmission vs Redemption Redemption was when white conservative southerners regained control of Congress and state governments Readmission was when southern states completed the processes of the 1st Reconstruction Act and are admitted back into Congress Redeemers White conservatives who gained control of the southern states reform stopped and reconstruction ended Reconstruction ended before it could be considered completely over Lecture 4 January 28 Other Reconstruction Developments KKK KKK Enforcement Acts Impeachment of President Johnson Tenure of Office Act Significance of Reconstruction KKK Founded in 1886 in Tennessee became a violent political body that used violence to promote their political ideals It was decentralized locally oriented with separate groups in each