25 February 2008 The Great War K the Kollwitz The Grieving Parents Vladslo West Flanders Belgium 1925 1932 Military Dead and Wounded in the War 1914 1918 Germany 1 900 000 4 200 000 Russia 1 700 000 4 950 000 France 1 400 000 4 200 000 Austria Hungary 1 200 000 3 620 000 Great Britain 900 000 1 600 000 Ottoman Empire 700 000 400 000 Italy 600 000 950 000 United States 100 000 205 000 British Military Cemetery Ypres Belgium Military dead and wounded compared to total population in 1914 Germany 6 100 000 64 900 000 Russia 6 650 000 158 000 000 France 5 600 000 39 600 000 Austria Hungary 4 820 000 51 400 000 Great Britain 2 500 000 45 400 000 Ottoman Empire 1 100 000 21 300 000 Italy 1 500 000 35 600 000 305 000 92 000 000 United States German troops departing for the front 1914 on the side of the train someone has written Munich to Paris via Metz Mobilizing the Colonies Indian military deaths in First World War 74 187 African Army and Colonial Troops Day poster India Gate Memorial New Delhi India Edwin Lutyens 1921 1931 names of dead and missing inscribed on the walls Some Indian gentlemen coming to defeat the German barbarians Lusitania sunk by German submarine 1915 Western front 19141918 Eastern Front farthest German advances 1919 Italian front 1917 18 German advances Dec 1917 fro n a lk Ba 5 18 191 nt Gallipoli 1915 16 The Western Front 1914 1918 Paris The Western Front Devestation Ypres Belgium 1919 Battles of Ypres 31 Oct 22 Nov 1914 Allied victory 22 Apr 25 May 1915 German conquests first use of poison gas on western front 21 July 6 Nov 1917 Battle of Passchndaele 500 000 dead and wounded I stood up and looked over the front of my hole There was just a dreary waste of mud and water no relic of civilization only shell holes And everywhere were bodies English and German in all stages of decomposition E C Vaughan Some Desperate Glory Officer s Diary 1917 Western Front Common Memories We gingerly crossed the valley through a hail of bullets hiding behind the foliage of trees felled in the bombing and using their trunks as bridges From time to time one of us disappeared up to his waist in the mud and if our comrades had not come to the rescue by holding out their rifle butts we would certainly have gone under We ran along the rims of the shell holes as if we were on the thin edge of a honeycomb Traces of blood on the surface of some heavy shell holes told us that several men had already been swallowed up Ernst J nger Storms of Steel Paul Nash The Void 1918 The ground was not mud not sloppy mud but an octopus of sucking clay clay 3 4 5 feet deep relieved only by craters full of water Men have been known to drown in them Many stuck in the mud and only got out by leaving their waders equipment and in some cases their clothes Wilfred Owen letter to his mother 16 January 1917 The Home Front Great War and Mass Culture British recruiting poster Christmas in the Field Give for care packages for our warriors German poster 1914 Bovril beef extract ad 1915 The Home Front Demonization and Domesticity Death to the Monster I am a good war hen I eat little and produce a lot Paris Peace Conference 1919 and Treaty of Versailles Key terms of Treaty of Versailles between Allied Powers and Germany Germany lost approx 13 of European territory and all overseas colonies Rhineland to be demilitarized Saar coalfields yielded to France AlsaceLorraine returned to France German military limited to 100 000 no draft allowed no submarines or weapon manufacture Germany solely responsible for the war Germany to pay reparations of 132 billion gold marks equal to two year s of Gross National Product before the war Lloyd Orlando Clemenceau Wilson George Italy France USA UK Factors Contributing to the Outbreak of WWI The Alliance System 1904 Entente Cordiale between France and Great Britain 1892 Alliance of France and Russia Factors Contributing to the Outbreak of WWI The Second Industrial Revolution and the Arms Race British military spending 1887 32 000 000 British pounds 1898 44 000 000 1913 77 000 000 German military spending 1890 31 000 000 British pounds 1900 40 000 000 1914 110 000 000 HMS Dreadnought 1906 Krupps Steel and Ironworks Essen Germany Factors Contributing to the Outbreak of WWI Romanticization of Violence and Crisis of Masculinity We went up to the three snorting machines to caress their breasts I lay along mine like a corpse on its bier but I suddenly revived again beneath the steering wheel a guillotine knife which threatened my stomach A great sweep of madness brought us sharply back to ourselves and drove us through the streets steep and deep like dried up torrents Here and there unhappy lamps in the windows taught us to despise our mathematical eyes Smell I exclaimed smell is good enough for wild beasts And we hunted like young lions Marinetti The Futurist Manifesto 1909 he s describing driving Factors Contributing to the Outbreak of WWI A Teenager with a Gun arrest of Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo