EXAM 2 Please put Your NameCSC309 on the Back of the LastMiller/Spring 09 Page1. (Reminder: This is a writing intensive class. Demonstrate your skill level by using more than one word to answer the question.) If we do a perfect job of developing the skills for making perfect ethical decisions and we use these skills to perfectly analyze all of the situations where ethics plays a factor to arrive at a best course of action then for this to not be another totally useless academic exercise we need to ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. In July of 1988 the Vincennes ______________________________________________________________________________________________3. Extensive studies of mishaps have identified three primary causes. (1) Mishaps are almost always caused by _________________________________________________________________________________(2) The failure ___________________________is often a contributing factor (sometimes the causal factor) of mishaps. Another thing we know from studying mishaps is that (3) they often involve problems in subsystem ___________________________4. In spite of our understanding of the impact of software bugs and the difficulty in identifying and correcting them, we still see a strong tendency to replacehardware with software. Give two reasons why a. ___________________________________________________________b. ___________________________________________________________c. Easier to change logic. (modifications to a program)d. Easier to make changes. (change a controller on Hubble)5. When contrasting hardware and software use in safety-critical situations we say, “Software exhibits weak-link behavior”. We do not say that about hardware because with hardware________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6. When we discussed the interface-design-for-safety topic we discussed the design problem of providing an interface between a computer system that performs a critical process control function and the human operator who might be called upon without warning to take over control following some catastrophic event. Two of the three things we mentioned are:a. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________b. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7. While patents offer a higher level of protection for software than does either trade secrets or copyrights, they are usually not a very practical choice because (anythree good reasons)a. ___________________________________________________________b. ___________________________________________________________c. ___________________________________________________________8. If you purchase software that had Trade secret protection then your obligation to honor the trade secret is____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9. Concerning the protection of Mickey Mouse, Disney has been successful twice in getting _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10. A copyright protects only the form of the expression, not the ideas expressed in the copyrighted material. (T, F)11. While the use of copyright with software tends to make the software more expensive it is argued that the impact on software quality is ____________________________________________ because______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________12. Sam teaches at a public university and has purchased a book that contains material that Sam would like to share with his class. Before going to the Xerox machine and making copies of copyrighted material that he will distribute to his class. Sam thinks through the four factors for determining fair use. You list three: a. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________b. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________c. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________13. First Amendment protection is for offensive and/or controversial speech and ideas. (T, F) 14. The First Amendment gives me the right to say anything at anytime [even though that might not be the brightest thing to do.] (T, F)15 If “A” has more First Amendment Protection than does “B” then “A” can probably use more “dirty” words than “B” can without getting in trouble. (T,F)16. The author of a book can be sued for libel. (T, F)17. The bookstore that sells a book that libels a person can be sued. (T, F)18. There are words that can be used in print but not said on the radio. (T, F)19. Give two arguments against requiring the Telephone Company, a common carrier, to be responsible for the content of messages it transmits.a. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________b. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________20. The Child Online protection Act, (which was an attempt to address problems that the Supreme Court had with the first anti-porn Net law), was again blocked by a Federal Judge. The Judge argued that his actions were in the best interest of children because____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________21. In MILLER vs. the STATE of CALIFORNIA a legal definition of "obscene" was produced that required "It depicts these acts (sexual) in a patently offensivemanner...that violates community standards." What is the obvious problem that we face when we apply this standard to things found on the Internet? (as the couple in California found out.)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________22. Congress shall make no law ... abridging the freedom of speech, or of the