State Architecture 1920-45 Terragni and Fascist Architecture Alvar Aalto International StyleArt2. Ideology of the StateWoolworth BuildingEdwin Lutyens – New Delhi, India Viceroy PalaceFinnish Parliament Building. Siren. 1926-31League of nations competitionLeague of nations competition. 1927Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Palace of Soviets Competition. 1931Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Fascist Italy. 1931-42.The 3rd Reich. 1929-41Slide 19Albert Speer. ReichstagTriumph of the Will. Film. 1934Speer. Zeppelinfield. 1936Speer. German Pavilion. Paris. 1937“Modernistic” Style in AmericaHood. Chicago Tribune. 1922Adolf Loos. Chicago Tribune. 1922Gropius. Chicago Tribune. 1922Empire State Building. 1931. Shreve, Lamb, and HarmonVan Alen. Chrysler Building. 1928-30Rockefeller CenterHugh Ferriss – “Religion” 1929Hugh Ferriss – “Imaginary City”3. Alvar AaltoOriginsSlide 35Two stylistic themes of Nordic tradition.National Romantic styleSlide 38Stockholm City Hall (1909-23)Grundtvig Church. 1913 designed.Helsinki Stock Exchange. Sonck. 1911Doricist StyleSlide 43Stockholm Public Library – Asplund 1920-28Woodland Chapel – Asplund 1918-20Saarinen - GLSSaarinen – Helsinki Railway Station.Saarinen – Chicago Tribune Competition. 19221923 – Eliel Saarinen in U.S.Saarinen – Cranbrook Academy. 1928-41Slide 51Saarinen. Cranbrook. Presidents Office. 1932-42Saarinen – Des Moines Art Center 1945Gunnar Birkerts.Alvar AaltoAlvar Aalto – Turun Sanomat . 1928Alvar Aalto – Viipuri Library CompetitionAlvar Aalto – Viipuri Library 1935Slide 59Alvar Aalto – House and Studio for Aino and Alvar Aalto. 1935Slide 61Alvar Aalto – Villa Mairea 1938-39Slide 63Slide 64Slide 65Slide 66Slide 67Alvar Aalto – Savoy Vase 1936Alvar Aalto – FurnitureAlvar Aalto – House of Culture Helsinki 1956Alvar Aalto – Finnish Pavilion Paris 1939Alvar Aalto – Finnish Pavilion Paris 1936-9Slide 73Slide 74Alvar Aalto – MIT Senior Dormitory 1947Slide 76Slide 77Slide 78Alvar Aalto – MIT Senior Dormitory 1947 Design Studies of various configurations.Alvar Aalto – Saynatsolo Town Hall 1949Slide 81Alvar Aalto – Vuoksennniska Church 1956-9Slide 83Slide 84Alvar Aalto – House of Culture - HelsinkiAlvar Aalto – Helsinki University of Technology 1949-66Slide 87Slide 88Alvar Aalto – Finlandia HallAlvar Aalto – Helsinki Pensions Institute 1952-56Theatre at Delphi GreeceFinnish MinimalismOtaniemi Chapel InteriorOtaniemi Chapel Elevation4. Terragni and FascismTerragni – Apartamentos Novacomum 1929. ComoTerragni – War Memorial 1933Casa del FascioTerragni – Casa del Fascio. 1934-6Terragni – Casa del FascioTerragni – Villa Bianco 1936-37Slide 102Slide 103Peter Eisenman HouseTerragni – Villa LagoSlide 106Terragni – Villa por on Floricoltore. 1937Terragni ChairTerragni “Sant Elia” ChairPalazzo di littorioPalazzo di LittorioDanteumSlide 113Slide 114Danteum – Front CourtDanteum – front courtSlide 117Slide 118Slide 119Danteum – Lower Level PlanDanteum – Upper Level PlanDanteum – “inferno”Slide 123Danteum – “purgatorio”Danteum – purgatoryDanteum – “paradiso”Danteum - ParadisoDanteum – SectionDe ChiricoEUR . 1942EUR Rome5. International Style 1925-65Neutra. Health House. 1927Neutra. Kaufman Desert House. 1946-47Schindler. Lovell Beach House. 1925-26Hitchcock and Johnson Exhibition. 1932Jose Luis Sert. Spanish Pavilion. 1958Niemeyer. Brasilia.Kenzo Tange – Olympic StadiumKenzo TangeKenzo Tange. Kagewa Prefectural Office. 1955-58Post-War Modernism Office Interior6. CIAM and Team XAllison and Peter SmithsonThe EndState Architecture 1920-45TerragniandFascist ArchitectureAlvar AaltoInternational StyleArt“Art prepares the mind for philosophy” - Hegel2. Ideology of the StateThe modernist tendency to reduce all forms to abstraction made it an unsatisfactory vehicle for representing the power and ideology of the state.Woolworth BuildingEdwin Lutyens – New Delhi, India Viceroy PalaceFinnish Parliament Building. Siren. 1926-31League of nations competitionThe explicit confrontation between the Modern Movement and the “New Tradition” came with the League of Nations competition of 1927. The jury awarded 27 entrants, including 8 from the Modern Movement, 9 from the Beaux – Arts and 10 from the new tradition.Of these three beaux-arts competitors and one New Tradition were selected to prepare final designs.League of nations competition. 1927League of nations competition. 1927League of nations competition. 1927League of nations competition. 1927League of nations competition. 1927Palace of Soviets Competition. 1931Palace of Soviets Competition. 1931Palace of Soviets Competition. 1931Palace of Soviets Competition. 1931Fascist Italy. 1931-42.Development of fascist ideology after the war had stemmed from two aspects of pre-war Futurist movement: first, the revolutionary concern with restructuring society, second, from its cult of war and worship of the machine. But the war and its aftermath had been a disaster , and the idea of a ‘machine-culture’ was suddenly regarded with a good deal of skepticism, not only at a popular level, but even by the intelligentsia.The 3rd Reich. 1929-41The Italian tension between modernity and classicist tradition, was absent in the 3rd reich in germany, where the rational line of the Modern Movement suffered immediate eclipse after the National Socialist seizure of power in January 1933. Modern architecture was dismissed as ‘cosmopolitan and degenerate.’The 3rd Reich. 1929-41The National Socialist philosophy was enhanced with the publication of a book “The Peasantry as the Life Source of the Nordic Race”, which first advanced the idea of a “Blood and Soil” culture, advocating a return to the land. The writer, Darre, an agronomist, helped develop the anti-urban racial ideology of the nazis. In 1932, another book “The Struggle over Art” denigrated urban dwellers as those who had lost any concept of the homeland.Albert Speer. ReichstagTriumph of the Will. Film. 1934Speer. Zeppelinfield. 1936Speer. German Pavilion. Paris. 1937“Modernistic” Style in AmericaThat aspect of the New Tradition that took the form of a stripped Classical style emerged as the ruling taste in the 1930s, wherever power wished to represent itself in a positive and progressive light.Hood. Chicago Tribune. 1922Adolf Loos. Chicago Tribune. 1922Gropius. Chicago Tribune. 1922Empire State Building. 1931. Shreve, Lamb,