CS 3251: Exam 1 Name:Instructor: Dr. Clark March 1, 2005CS 3251Spring 2005 - Midterm ExamProblem Possible Score1 202 153 164 175 166 16Total 100This test is closed book and closed notes. Answer the questions in the space provided. When answering ques-tions, please state any and all assumptions you are making.1CS 3251: Exam 1 Name:Part 1: Protocol Layering (20 points)List, in order, the five protocol layers we discussed. For each layer, provide the following 4 things: 1) Name of thelayer, 2) Service(s) provided by this layer to the upper layer, 3) A specific standard protocol that fits in this layer. 4)Where (on which devices) this layer is implemented.2CS 3251: Exam 1 Name:Part 2: IP (15 points)1. (5 pts) Why does IPv4 do fragmentation and reassembly?2. (5 pts) Where is fragment reassembly done in IP and why?3. (5 pts) How is fragmentation handled in IPv6 and why?3CS 3251: Exam 1 Name:Part 3: Network Programming (16 points)1. (8 pts) We discussed the notion of whether our protocols “preserve message boundaries”. What is meant bythis? How does it affect network application programming?2. (8 pts) When running an application, you receive the error message bind() failed, address already in use. Isthis a client, a server or either? Is this application using TCP, UDP or either? What does the error mean?Explain your answers for full credit.4CS 3251: Exam 1 Name:Part 4: Routing (17 points)1. (6 pts) How do link state routing protocols build a network map without already knowing the network?2. (6 pts) What is the count to infinity problem and how is it handled/avoided?3. (5 pts) What is meant by the term domain based routing?5CS 3251: Exam 1 Name:Part 5: Transition and Ping (16 points)1. (8 pts) IPv6 was standardized in 1998 and we still have very few deployments. 802.11g was standardized in2003 and it’s deployed everywhere. You can buy it at Wal-Mart! First, what are these protocols and how dothey differ? Second, explain why the deployment situation is this way.2. (8 pts) I can query a web server with my browser but when I ping the server I get no response. How can thishappen? I’m looking for the details on how ping works that might explain this.6CS 3251: Exam 1 Name:Part 6: Mobility and Addressing (16 points)1. (8 pts) I’m sitting at home with my laptop connected to the Internet. With basic IPv4, why is it not possibleto use my Georgia Tech IP address from my office while I am connected from home? Describe in detail whatwould happen if I did.2. (8 pts) What is CIDR? Explain what it means, what problem it solves and