RESEARCH SKILLS: FINAL PROJECT PROPOSALTEAM NAME: TEAM PROJECT MEMBERS: Instructions: Initial proposals are due October 9 and should form the basis of your proposal presentation. Following the presentation, you should modify your proposal and submit a final proposal to me by October 16. Final proposals should included summaries of at least 4 of the articles you have read. (Final papers must include 8 total citations and summaries.) Please type where possible (by downloading this file and typing directly into it and/or by attaching pages where necessary; except graphs and op. defs) and remember to include complete copies of the articles used as references. Proposals are graded on thoughtfulness, effort, and specificity. A well-developed proposal will form the basis for the final paper; as always, the more effort you devote to the early stages of the research process the easier it will be to complete in the long run. 1. BACKGROUND (this will form the basis for your introduction)a. Briefly introduce your topic of interest (i.e., do not just state the topic; briefly say why it is an interesting or relevant or important research question).b. Referring to at least 4 articles you have read, provide a theoretical background for theexperiment you are proposing (be sure to describe and integrate past research findings that provide the basis for your study). (Note that 8 total citations will be required in the final paper, so adding more at this point is certainly encouraged, though not required).c. Specifically state the purpose of your study (i.e., the question that you are investigating).Research Methods II p. 1, Spring 20032. DESIGN - Provide the following information in the designated spaces below:a. appropriate labels for IVs and their levels (e.g., “target attractiveness”, “att” or “unatt”)b. how the independent variables will be operationally defined (i.e, how they will be specifically manipulated in your study; e.g., “pictures of White males taken from a yearbook that have been pilot tested as either attractive or unattractive”)c. the name of the dependent variable(s)d. how the dependent variable will be operationally defined (i.e., how it will be specifically measured in your study)e. in the 2 x 2 matrix, give hypothetical numbers (in the proper scale of your dependent variable) that represent your predictionsNotes: √ At least one of the IVs must be manipulated (i.e., “true” independent variables)√ Choose variables that are expected to interact in some way, producing a combined impact on the DV (i.e., you must predict a significant interaction); you should graph them to be sure. This means that you have to carefully choose your variables so that the effect of one variable DIFFERS at different levels of the other variable. (Put labels of IVs and levels on this box, plus predicted means in the cells)Labels and Operational Definitions of variables: (be specific and detailed)IV #1 Label:Level 1 (label and op def):Level 2 (label and op def):IV #2 Label:Level 1 (label and op def):Level 2 (label and op def):DV: Attach a separate page (or print below) to explain how your primary dependent variable will be specifically measured (note that it must be on an interval or ratio scale). Please also include any supplemental DVs you want to measure (e.g., your primary DV may be degree to which the defendant should be punished, but you may also want to measure Research Methods II p. 2, Spring 2003related variables, such as liking for the defendant, credibility of the victim, etc.) If possible, give the exact items and label all scales (in proper format). Remember, more DVs give you more chances of finding effects! Also, to increase reliability, you might want to use 2-3 items to measure each DV (you can compute Cronbach’s alpha later to see if they can be combined into an index).Research Methods II p. 3, Spring 20033. HYPOTHESES AND PREDICTIONSa. State your 3 research hypotheses. Be sure to mention the two possible main effects (even if you are predicting that one or both of them will not be significant, which is fine) and the interaction. (Give these in English also). Make sure to provide a clear and specific rationale for each statistical effect that you predict; these must be logically derived from the literature that you reviewed (“Based on Smith and Jones, 1986, we expect that…”) or based on intuition (“Given that people generally…., it seems plausible that in our study…”)b. On the axes below, graph your predicted results. These results should be consistent with the predictions stated above (and the numbers in the matrix on the previous page). Make sure that you label your axes appropriately. (Remember that for interactions, the lines should cross or be on a path to eventually cross). Research Methods II p. 4, Spring 20034. METHODSa. List and describe ALL materials that you will use to conduct your experiment. These might include slides of people or events, videoclips, magazine ads, tape recordings, written scenarios, etc. [Note: it is okay, in fact it is a great idea, to use materials fromother researcher’s studies, because they have already been validated. For example, you might modify or adapt their scenarios, oral scripts, instructions, scales, or DV items.] Describe as specifically as possible the source of your stimuli as well as how you will construct them. Include/attach a good draft of the content of any scenarios you will use. (the more developed, the better). Finally, be sure to describe any controlprocedures you will use (e.g., to control for confounds). (Attach separate pages if necessary).b. Describe the procedures you will follow while conducting your experiment, being as specific and thorough as possible. Be sure to mention your "cover story" (i.e., how you introduce your study to participants and what you tell them it is about) as well ashow you will disguise your hypothesis (and how you will deal with social desirability biases, if applicable). Describe any control procedures not mentioned above, such asrandom assignment (or randomized block), counterbalancing different researchers, and how you will deal with gender of participants (e.g., use one gender only, block bygender, include it as 3rd IV). Give examples as needed.Research Methods II p. 5, Spring 2003Research Methods II p. 6, Spring 20035. DATA COLLECTION Briefly describe the details of your data collection by completing in the information below:a.