3. MONESES Salisbury ex S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 403. 1821.1. Moneses uniflora (Linnaeus) A. Gray, Man. Bot. 273. 1848.Flora of China 14: 247. 2005. 3. MONESES Salisbury ex S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 403. 1821. 独丽花属 du li hua shu Qin Haining (覃海宁); Peter F. Stevens Bryophthalmum E. Meyer; Odostima Rafinesque. Herbs perennial, small, glabrous, stoloniferous. Leaves radical, petiolate, leathery, serrulate. Flower solitary, terminal on long stalk. Sepals 5, deeply lobed, persistent. Petals spreading, white or pink, orbicular. Stamens (8–)10; filaments subulate, base gla-brous; anthers with tubes, opening by 2 apical pores; disk obscure. Ovary globose or subglobose; ovules on thickened placentas on inner angles of loculi; style straight, apex clavate; stigma 5-toothed. Seeds small, testa elongated at both ends. n = 13. One or two species: Asia, Europe, North America; one species in China. 1. Moneses uniflora (Linnaeus) A. Gray, Man. Bot. 273. 1848. 独丽花 du li hua Pyrola uniflora Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 397. 1753; Bryo-phthalmum uniflorum (Linnaeus) E. Meyer; Chimaphila rhombifolia Hayata; Moneses grandiflora Salisbury; M. rhombifolia (Hayata) Andres. Herbs evergreen. Rhizome creeping, slender, 0.2–0.6 mm in diam.; roots long, slender, branched. Aerial stems erect or ascending, terete to angular, 1–5 cm, 0.6–1 mm in diam., not branched, glabrous. Leaves in 3 or 4 subverticils of 2 or 3 each, alternating with ca. 5 scales; petiole (0.5–)1–1.5 cm; leaf blade abaxially pale green, adaxially deep green and slightly shiny, broadly rhombic, 1–1.6 × 1–1.5 cm, abax-ially glabrous, base subrounded to broadly cuneate, margin minutely toothed, apex rounded to obtuse. Flower nodding, regular, opening fully. Scape erect, (4–)5–10 cm tall, 1-flow-ered, glabrous. Bracts 1 or 2 on upper part of scape, 4–5 × ca. 2 mm, ciliolate. Sepals (4 or)5, ovate-elliptic, ca. 2.5 mm, ciliolate, apex rounded. Petals (4 or)5, white, orbicular to broadly ovate, sessile. Stamens (8–)10; anthers 3–4 mm, tubes distinct and strongly curved. Ovary subglobose; style 4–5 mm; stigma peltate with 5 distinct marginal papillae. Capsules subglobose, 5–6 mm in diam., fibers absent at margin. Seeds narrowly fusiform; testa generally with 7 or 8 cells along longest axis, inner testa walls with scalariform pits. Fl. Jul, fr. Sep. 2n = 26. Moist mossy coniferous forests, more rarely in wet Betula or Pinus woods; middle elevations. Gansu, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Shanxi, N Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, NW Yunnan [Japan, N Korea, Mon-golia, Russia; widely distributed in N temperate and subarctic zones, particularly Europe].Flora of China 14: 247.