Final Exam Review B i Basics Basic terminology and concepts Layered model physical to application Internet Layering Level 5 Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Application Layer rlogin ftp SMTP POP3 IMAP HTTP Transport Layer a k a Layer a k a Host to Host Host to Host TCP UDP Network Layer y a k a Internet IP ICMP ARP Data Link Layer MAC sub layer k Network a k a N t k Interface I t f or Network Access Layer Physical Layer Final Exam Review Physical Layer Time and frequency domains Band idth and data rate Bandwidth rate Analog and digital transmission Simplex half duplex and full duplex transmission Final Exam Review Ph i l L Physical Layer cont d d Transmission impairments Decibel S N ratio Channel capacity Nyquist Nyquist Shannon Types properties of media Copper UTP Cat 3 Cat 3 Cat Cat 5 5 Fiber Final Exam Review Physical Layer cont d cont d Data encoding Analog to digital Time sampling amplitude quantization Digital to analog Data D t reconstruction t ti Transmission modes Synchronous S h Asynchronous Final Exam Review D Data Li Link kL Layer Error Control Framing Error detection correction schemes schemes Parity Hamming distance CRC polynomial encoding Final Exam Review D Data Li Link kL Layer Flow Control Acknowledgement Stop and Wait PAR P Positive ii A Acknowledgement k l d with ih Retransmission ARQ Automatic Repeat reQuest Sliding Window Piggybacking go back n Pipelining Selective S l ti repeatt Final Exam Review Bi L Bit Length h off a Li Link k Assume link is fullyy occupied p 1st bit is just arriving at the receiver sender has sent continuously R data rate bps d distance length of link meters V propagation velocity meters second 2 3 x 108 meters second Bit length Rd V bits Final Exam Review MAC sub layer bl DLL MAC protocols Static Channel Allocation Dynamic Channel Allocation Multiplexing Frequency Division F Di i i M Multiplexing lti l i FDM FDM Time Division Multiplexing TDM Statistical St ti ti l Ti Time Division Di i i M Multiplexing lti l i STDM Final Exam Review D Data Li Link kL Layer LANs Protocol architecture 802 standards Encapsulation de encapsulation p p Frame format LAN topologies Encapsulation Frame header Packet header TPDU header TPDU payload Encapsulation Application pp data TCP header IP header MAC header LLC header MAC trailer LLC PDU MAC frame TCP segment IP datagram Final Exam Review D Data Li Link kL Layer MAC Centralized and distributed Synchronous and asynchronous Asynchronous y MAC Round robin reservation and contention LLC for LANs LANs Final Exam Review D Data Li Link kL Layer MAC protocols protocols Contention ALOHA and Slotted ALOHA ALOHA CSMA CSMA CD CSMA CD Token Passing Token bus Token ring Final Exam Review D Data Li Link kL Layer Ethernet Cabling Manchester encoding Back off Switched Performance speed length High High Speed Speed LANs Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet Final Exam Review D Data Li Link kL Layer Wireless LANs Hidden station problem MACA MACAW RTS CTS Final Exam Review N Network kL Layer Datagrams g and Virtual Circuits Packet Routing Flooding g Distance Vector Routing Link State Routing Hierarchical Routing Congestion Control Choke Packets Load shedding QOS traffic shaping buffering overprovisioning Leaky Bucket Token Bucket Tunneling Flooding Stallings Figure 12 12 4 4 hop count 3 no detection of duplicates Final Exam Review N Network kL Layer IP Protocol addressing subnet masks aggregation ti NAT ARP RARP physical address IP address DHCP dynamic IP address assignment IGP Interior g gateway y routing gp protocol RIP OSPF link state algorithm EGP Exterior gateway routing protocol Policies politics constraints BGP distance vector protocol IPv6 Final Exam Review T Transport Layer L End to end End to end Used by applications on client and server Under user control operating system programming language calls Transport Services Connectionless User Datagram Protocol UDP No flow control control no error control Connection oriented TCP Flow and error control RTP for multimedia Final Exam Review T Transport Layer L Connection Management 3 way handshake in making connection Sequence numbers avoiding duplicates Connection release timer use Berkeley sockets Flow Control and Buffering Multiplexing Crash Recovery E d t E d ackk End to End Final Exam Review T Transport Layer L TCP Congestion Management Estimating g RTT exponential p weighting g g Timers Slow Start exponential back off Wired vs wireless for TCP Network Performance traceroute ping Transfer time components vs vs length length bandwidth Final Exam Review A li i L Application Layer DNS Namespace Caching g Recursive resolution Multimedia Bit rates Issues Compression Internet Layering Level 5 Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Application Layer rlogin ftp SMTP POP3 IMAP HTTP Transport Layer a k a Layer a k a Host to Host Host to Host TCP UDP Network Layer y a k a Internet IP ICMP ARP Data Link Layer MAC sub layer k Network a k a N t k Interface I t f or Network Access Layer Physical Layer
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