PSYC 407 1st EditionExam # 1 Study GuideChapter 1: Abnormal Behavior in Historical ContextPsychological disorder (3 parts: psychological dysfunction, personal distress, atypical orNot culturally expected)Psychopathology (science)Scientist-practitionerPresenting problemClinical description (causation/etiology, treatment and outcome)PrevalenceIncidenceCoursePrognosis3 Traditions (supernatural, biological, psychological)The role of syphilis in understanding mental illnessJohn GrayMoral TherapyMental Hygiene Movement (Dorothy Dix)Main contribution of psychoanalytic theory (childhood/development, talk, unconscious)Humanistic theoryBehavioral modelChapter 2: An Integrative Approach to PsychopathologyMultidimensional integrative approach1-dimensional vs. multidimensionalInfluences on mental disorders (biological, behavioral, emotional, social, developmental,interpersonal, cultural factors)Nature of genes (polygenetic influence) and interaction with environmentDiathesis-stress modelNeuronsCentral Nervous System: brain and spinal cordPeripheral Nervous System: Autonomic: sympathetic (fight/flight)/parasympathetic (rest), SomaticNeurotransmitters (5: serotonin, GABA, glutamate, norepinephrine, dopamine)Brain Structure (4 lobes: frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital) and amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebellum, reticular activatingsystem)HormonesBehavioral scienceCognitive scienceLearned helplessness/learned optimismSocial learning theoryEmotions – figure 2.6 shows overlapping components of emotions (beh/cog/physio)MoodAffectThe interaction of mood and health (anger and your heart ex)Stigma (being sane in insane places message)Emotions and psychopathologyLife-span development influencesPrinciple of equifinalityChapter 3: Clinical Assessment and DiagnosisClinical assessmentDiagnosisValidityReliabilityStandardizationClinical interviewMental status exam (and 5 parts of)Semi-structured clinical interviewPhysical examBehavioral assessmentOperational definitionSelf-monitoring and behavioral rating scales ReactivityPsychological testing (projective, personality, intelligence, neuropsychological)NeuroimagingPsychophysiological assessmentBiofeedbackDiagnosing psychological disorders: idiographic vs. nomothetic strategyClassificationTaxonomyNosologyNomenclatureClassical categorical approachDimensional approachPrototypical approachReliability ValidityFamilial aggregationPsychological diagnosis prior to 1980 (Kraeplin’s dementia praecox: schizophrenia)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)DSM-5 pros and consChapter 4: Research MethodsHypothesisResearch designDependent vs. independent variableInternal vs. external validityTestabilityConfounding variableControl groupRandomizationGeneralizabilityStatistical vs. clinical significancePatient uniformity mythCase study methodCorrelation (positive, negative, zero)Epidemiological researchExperimental – manipulation of variablesClinical trialsPlacebo effectPlacebo control groupDouble blind experimentComparative treatment researchHuman genome projectEndophenotypes Table 4.2 (p.111)Family studiesAdoption StudiesTwin studiesPrevention research (positive prevention strategies, universal prevention strategies, selective prevention strategies, indicated prevention strategies)Cross-sectional designsCohorts/cohort effectsLongitudinal designCross-sectional effectSequential designReplicationEthics: informed