BIOL 1107 1nd Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I Nucleic Acids II Carbohydrates a Types of Polysaccharides Outline of Current Lecture I Starch II Cell Identity III Fats Steroids and Phospholipds Current Lecture I Starch Almost pure glucose humans need glucose It is a carbohydrate at its most simplest form Since starch is stacked it is very difficult to get at the glucose however when we do get at glucose we can get into some sort of reactions because we want the byproduct of that alcohol Most efficient enzyme at getting at cellulose new found it in bacteria usually where we get these things If it proves well in replication the enzyme will be commercialized biofuels 80 efficient in transferring light energy into thylakoids we could only be 20 efficient without technology we also cannot better plants efficiency 80 is the best they can do II Cell Identity Oligosaccharides in small numbers attach to a glycoprotein in the plasma membrane carbohydrates lend identity to a cell o Cells need identity because that s how they find each other and interact while we are growing We have an innate immune response and an adaptable common response as well We build cells that distinguish our cells from foreign ones white blood cells o How do white blood cells determine a specific cell is you In part by using a carbohydrate oligosaccharides These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Interval proteins span the entire plasma membrane peripheral proteins only span outside surfaces If you get a tissue organ transplant white blood cells will try to kill it o Antirejection medication is needed for life III Fats Steroid and Phospholipids 1 Fats are composed of 3 fatty acids linked to glycerol called triglycerides 2 Steroids are a family of lipids with a distinctive four ring structure cholesterol is an important steroid in mammals 3 Phospholipids consist of a glycerol linked to a phosphate group PO42 and to either two chains of isoprene or two fatty acids This is important because they are everywhere because the physical and chemical nature allows us to be alive right now The tail is hydrophobic the phosphate group is hydrophilic forms a sphere inside is hydrophobic and outside is hydrophilic Add proteins inside and now you can separate inside and outside of the cell Phospholipid bilayer molecules go through and need H2O on the inside as well as outside
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