1Hasmonaean Revolt andDynasty, Herodian EraFrom last time: Hasmonaean Dynasty, 152–63 BCEFor today “The Coming of Rome,” 63 BCE From the Hamonaeans to Herod,63–4 BCE Herod to the Revolt against Rome,4 BCE–66 CEOctober 9, 2006Hasmonaean Dynasty, 152–63 BCE Establishment of the Dynasty (163–142) Geographical Exansion “Judaizing” PolliciesEstablishment of dynasty Eclipse of Hasmonaeans after rededication ofTemple (164–152 BCE)) Menelaus HP until 163 BCE (after reded.) Alcimus HP 161-159 BCE (an enemy in 1Macc) Rise of Hasmonaean dominance (152 BCE–): Seleucid dynastic and inter-dynasty weakness Hasmonaeans (te-)established by Seleucids Jonathan (bro) after Judah (HP, 152, by Alexander Balas) Simon (bro) (HP 142, Demetrius II) Following Hasmonaeans are descendants of Simon Peak of power, geographical expansion 103-76 BCE(Alexander Jannaeus = Yannai)2Geographical Expansion,“Judaizing” policies? Geographical expansion (map) “Judaizing” policies? Combine: Imposition of Jewish practice on subject peoples And alliance building with anti-Hellenizing peoples In Galilee (N) and Idumaea (S), seems to havestuckHasmonaean Expansion 152-74 BCE“The Coming of Rome,” 63 BCE Rome: growth as international power from 3rd C.BCE. Intervention eastern Mediterranean from ca 200BCE Gn. Pompeius, and the first military intervention inJudaea 63 BCE Pompey, already in Syria, invited by competingHasmonaean factions for support Supporting Hyrcanus, Pompey besieges Temple, entersTemple 63 BCE–70 CE series of “experiments” with how torule JudaeaNB: Throughout Roman East: transition, clientkingdom to province3Hamonaeans to Herod,63–4 BCE 66 BCE, succession conflict between Hyrcanus andAristobulus, sons of Jannaeus 63 Pompey intervenes in support of Hyrcanus Judaea, reduced esp. by Greek city territorie,s remainsunder Hasmonaean rule Antipater & son Herod (Idumaeans) supporters of Herod 41 Parthian invasion Hyrcanus taken captive Herod promised kingship by M. Antony/Rom. Senate 37–4 BCE, Herod rules an expanded JudaeaHerod to the Revolt againstRome, 4 BCE–66 CE 4 BCE, death of Herod, kingdom divided among threesons 6 CE (deposition of Archelaus, son of Herod) to 41,combination of direct Roman rule and Herodian clientkings. 41–44 Agrippa I (grandson of Herod) 44–66 Direct Roman rule (exception in Golan and W.Galilee) Problems: Corrupt and/or incompetent governors Religious and political hostility to Rome Prophetic and messianic activity (e.g., J. Baptist; Jesus)Herod’s Building Projects: Masada and Herodium4Herod’s Building Projects: The Temple CompoundHerod’s Building Projects: Caesarea, Temple of Roma and
View Full Document
Unlocking...