a dimming. This increase has been found tobe significant at the 99% level of confidence.The satellite-based record of surface solarfluxes from 1983 until 1992 does suggestsome dimming, followed by an increase after1992, as seen in numerous ground observa-tions. It was also shown that tendencies overland and over ocean can differ in sign andmagnitude, and that in order to obtain a glob-al view of the dimming phenomena, there is aneed for comprehensive and global observa-tions that are possible only from satellites.There is a need to be aware of calibration is-sues regarding both ground-based and satel-lite data that might affect the interpretation oflong-term observations. The best available ap-proach to calibration was used to producethe satellite observations used in this study,and the most comprehensive global coverageachievable by combining geostationary andpolar-orbiting satellites was used. 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Supported under NASA grants NAG59634 (EarthObserving System/Interdisciplinary Science Investiga-tion) and NNG04GD65G (Office of Earth Science)and benefited by work done under NAG5836 (EarthScience Enterprise/HYDROMET/Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia) to the Uni-versity of Maryland. We appreciate the monumentaleffort of W. B. Rossow in preparing the ISCCP data;without such information, this study would not havebeen possible. The ISCCP D1 data were obtained fromthe NASA Langley Atmospheric Sciences Data Center.Supporting Online Materialwww.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/308/5723/850/DC1Figs. S1 and S223 July 2004; accepted 16 March 200510.1126/science.1103159The Holocene Asian Monsoon:Links to Solar Changes andNorth Atlantic ClimateYongjin Wang,1Hai Cheng,1,2*R. Lawrence Edwards,2Yaoqi He,1Xinggong Kong,1Zhisheng An,3Jiangying Wu,1Megan J. Kelly,2Carolyn A. Dykoski,2Xiangdong Li4A 5-year-resolution absolute-dated oxygen isotope record from Dongge Cave,southern China, provides a continuous history of the Asian monsoon over thepast 9000 years. Although the record broadly follows summer insolation, it ispunctuated by eight weak monsoon events lasting È1 to 5 centuries. Onecorrelates with the ‘‘8200-year’’ event, another with the collapse of theChinese Neolithic culture, and most with North Atlantic ice-rafting events.Cross-correlation of the decadal- to centennial-scale monsoon record withthe atmospheric carbon-14 record shows that some, but not all, of themonsoon variability at these frequencies results from changes in solar output.The impacts of decadal- to centennial-scalesolar variability on the climate system duringthe Holocene have been reported from mid tohigh northern latitudes (1–3) to low-latituderegimes (4–6), including the Asian monsoon(AM) (4, 5). To test the degree to which theHolocene AM may be linked to solar varia-bility, a high-resolution, precisely dated, con-tinuous record of the monsoon is needed. Sucha record could also be used to test the degreeto which changes in the interglacial AM arerelated to climate change elsewhere. For exam-ple, a number of studies have demonstratedclose ties between the glacial AM and the cli-mate in the North Atlantic region (7–9). The de-gree to which such links extend into interglacialperiods is an open question. We have previouslyreported on a Chinese Holocene record of theAM that addresses some of these issues (10).Here, we build on that work with a higher reso-lution absolute-dated Holocene AM record fromDongge Cave, southern China, which we com-pare in detail with the atmospheric14C record(as a proxy for solar output) and climate recordsfrom the North Atlantic region (2, 11–13).Stalagmite DA was collected from DonggeCave (25-17¶N, 108-5¶E, elevation 680 m) insouthern China. Today, the cave site has twodistinct