8/13/20091Into to A&P:Tissues and Integumentary SystemBiol 105Lecture 7Chapter 4Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.OutlineI. Tissues A. Epithelial B. ConnectiveC. MuscleD. Nervous tissuesII. Cell to cell contact III. Body cavitiesIV. MembranesV. HomeostasisVI. Integumentary System (includes: skin, hair, nails)Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Organization of the Human Body Multicellular organisms require specialized cells to perform specific tasks These cells then organize into tissues, organs and organ systems Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Tissues A tissue is a group of cells that work together to accomplish a common function. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Tissues There are four primary tissue types1. Epithelial tissue 2. Connective tissue3. Muscle tissue 4. Nervous tissue8/13/20092Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Tissues - Epithelial Epithelial tissue covers the body surfaces, lines cavities and organs, and forms glandsCopyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Tissues - Connective Connective tissue – binds and supports the body, provides protection for our organs serves as a storage site for fat, participates in our immunityCopyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Tissues – Muscle and Nervous Muscle tissue is responsible for movement Nervous tissue receives stimuli and conducts nerve impulses.Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Epithelial Tissue Epithelial tissues (epithelium) cover surfaces– outside of the body (our skin), as well as lines internal cavities and tubes and the inside surface of the stomach and the lungs Serves for protection, secretion and absorption, may contain glands Cells are tightly packed together Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Epithelial Tissue All epithelial tissues share two characteristics A free surface that may be specialized for protection, secretion, or absorption A basement membrane which binds the epithelial cells to underlying connective tissueCopyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Epithelial Tissue - Shapes The three basic shapes of epithelial cells 1. Squamous epithelium2. Cuboidal epithelium3. Columnar epithelium8/13/20093Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Types of Epithelial Tissues Simple epithelial - a single layer of cells classified according to cell types.  Stratified epithelial – Two or more layersof cells one on top of the other Pseudostratified epithelial: Looks like it has more than one layer but does not.  Glandular epithelial - secretes productslike mucus, digestive enzymes, and hormones. 4-10Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Simple squamous epithelium  Simple squamous epithelium - flattened cells Forming the lining of blood vessels and air sacs = alveoli (in lungs).  Functions: Exchange of nutrients, waste and gases, protection4-10Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Simple Squamous EpithelialFigure 4.1 (1 of 6)Simple squamous• One layer of flattened cells• Located in air sacs of lungs, heart and blood vessel linings• Allows exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastesCopyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Stratified Squamous Epithelial Several layers of flattened cells Located on surface of skin, lining of mouth, esophagus, and vagina Functions: Provides protection against abrasion, infection,and drying outCopyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Stratified Squamous EpithelialFigure 4.1 (4 of 6)Stratified squamous• Several layers of flattened cells• Located on surface of skin, lining of mouth, esophagus,and vagina• Provides protection against abrasion, infection, and drying outCopyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Simple cuboidal epithelium  Simple cuboidal epithelium - cubed shapedcells Lining the kidney tubules and ovaries and glands.  Functions: secretion, absorption4-108/13/20094Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Simple cuboidal EpithelialFigure 4.1 (2 of 6)Simple cuboidal• One layer of cube-shaped cells• Located in linings of kidney tubules and glands• Functions in absorption and secretionCopyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Stratified cuboidal epithelium  Stratified cuboidal epithelium – more than one layer of cubed shaped cells Located in ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, and salivary glands.  Functions: protection4-10Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Stratified Cuboidal EpithelialFigure 4.1 (5 of 6)STRATIFIED EPITHELIUMStratified cuboidal• Usually two layers of cube-shaped cells• Located in ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands,and salivary glands• Functions in protectionCopyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Simple columnar epithelium  Simple columnar epithelium – one layer of rectangular cells Lining the digestive tract, respiratory tract and the uterus.  Functions: absorption, secretion4-10Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Simple columnar epithelialFigure 4.1 (3 of 6)SIMPLE EPITHELIUMSimple columnar• One layer of tall, slender cells• Located in lining of gut and respiratory tract• Functions in absorption and secretionCopyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium Looks like it has more than one layer but does not. Lines respiratory tract.  Function: Remove debris out of the lungs4-108/13/20095Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Stratified columnar epithelium  Stratifed columnar epithelium – more than one layer of rectangular cells Location: rare, urethra, junction of esophagus and stomach.  Functions: protection, secretion4-10Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Stratified columnar epithelialFigure 4.1 (6 of 6)STRATIFIED EPITHELIUMStratified columnar• Several layers of tall, slender cells• Rare, located in urethra (tube through which urineleaves the body)• Functions in protection and secretionCopyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Tissue Specialization LocationSimple squamousDiffusion alveoli and blood vesselsSimple cuboidalAbsorption and secretionKidney tubules, ovaries, and glandsSimple ColumnarAbsorption and secretiondigestive tract, respiratory tract, and uterus Pseudost. Removing debrisrespiratory tractCopyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Tissue Specialization LocationStratified squamousProtection Skin, mouth, esophagus, vaginaStratified