HIST 106 1nd Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I. Reconstructing the UnionII. KKKIII. Election of 1860IV. Civil WarV. Industrial RevolutionOutline of Current Lecture II. ImmigrantsIII. Industrial RevolutionIV. Communism/ SocialismV. UnionsCurrent LectureImmigrants- 15% of the American population were immigrants - More immigrants in the North than in the South - They bring energy, food, social customs, new words- Immigrants are one generation only- The only thing they had to change was language - The main state of immigration (right after civil war)- protestant from Northern Europe- Immigrants from Southern Europe- largely catholic - They came to better their lives- They came for... o economicso social equalityo technology- 1862 Congress gives away free land in the West to prevent the South from claiming the land- We want fewer slave states after the Civil War- 1862 United Pacific built a railroad to Nebraska - From the center of the US to California we have a transcontinental railroad- Wealthy are getting wealthier, poor are getting poorer- Immigrants make $1.25 a weekThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Industrial RevolutionSocial Darwinism:- explains why some are rich and some are poor- make as much money as quickly as you can- raised the principal “survival of the fittest”Communism/Socialism- turn everything around (Socialism)- Government control economy (Communism)- Promise to make the poor richer and the rich poorer- Karl Marx 1848o Wrote “The Communist Manifesto”o German sociologist, economist, philosphero He says history moves in waveso Primitive man -> Tribal man-> Fuedel man-> Slave owner -> Factory owner -> The new mano Materialism, God plays no parto Religion has not fallen away as Karl Marx assumedo He never foresaw that the working class would be votingo He said the world would become a communists where people wouldn't steal from each otherUnions- Jobs becoming monotonous- Business cycles are going up and down- Wages are unsteady and mainly going down- Everybody in the family is able to work and family life is changing- 1865 first Union starts- 1866 first significant Union starts by William Sylvis- The Knights of Labor in 1869o Uri Stephenso Terence Powderlyo They wanted a single nationwide union of unskilled and skilled laborerso Their ideas took ofo 1886 it started to collapse because of a series of unsuccessful strikeso The public saw them as too violento They had confusion of aimso Fell apart because of the Hay Market Square Riot- New Union, American Federation of Laboro Founded by Samuel Gomperso Samuel disregarded immigrants and unskilled workers claiming they were too hard to organize and unworthy of membershipo Accepted the wage systemo workers had 8 hour days as result of Carnegie Strikeo By 1900, we have an 8 hour day- Management has a "yellow dog contract"o Employees won’t join unions- Management has black listo List of union people won’t be hired- The Injunctiono argue that the strike afects the system- The Open Shopo no one will join union- The Company Policeo Henry Ford was famous for having a large company police- Strike Breakerso "scab" laborUnions have- Picketing- Strike- “I'm not working”- Boycotting - getting people to not buy certain products- People worked 12-18 hour work days- They want safe/sanitary conditions- They want government to look out for them - They want ambulation of child labor- They want workers compensation- They want some sort of collective bargaining1898: Utah Law that establishes work hours to children1908: Supreme Court upheld a law that created a maximum hour from women workersNational Labor Union of 1866- They talked about elimination of monopoly- Wanted to get rid of immigrant labor- Talked about a 10 hour day- Failed because of their emphases on skilled