BIOPSCYH 0505 Edition 1nd Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture Exam 1 completed Outline of Current Lecture Sleep I Recuperation theories of sleep A Restorative theory 1 Restoration of the brain B Elimination theory II Adaptation theories of sleep Circadian day and night cycle A Immobilization theory B Energy conservation theory III Why do we sleep A Functions of slow wave sleep B Functions of REM sleep 1 REM rebound phenomenon IV Measurement of sleep and arousal A Electroencephalogram EEG B Eletrooculogram EOG C Electromyogram EMG Current Lecture Sleep Early evolutionary behavior and has an adaptive evolutionary function I Recuperation theories of sleep A Restorative theory 1 Repairs and regenerations the body 2 Induce sleep deprivation will changes occur Results have shown that deprived sleep show lower body temperature and shiver more increased blood pressure a weakened immune system the metabolism tends to slow down 3 Experimental studies are usually correlational yet our bodies do not break down as much as we think 4 Restoration of the brain These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute a Likely that sleep is more important for brain mainly the frontal lobe restoration than body restoration b Sleep deprived people become more sleepy during daylight hours have an increase in negative mood decrease in vigilance attention span c Higher level executive functions decrease such as lateral thinking strategizing insightful thinking and our ability to plan 5 Restorative theory is also necessary for optimal functioning of physiological systems muscle hormone and tissue growth occurs during sleep B Elimination theory 1 We sleep to get rid of excess sensory information 2 Our brain cannot process everything throughout the day so in order to develop memories and facilitate learning important info will be stored and the rest will be eliminated 3 The hippocampus activity level increases during sleep certain synaptic connections are strengthened and others are weakened II Adaptation theories of sleep Circadian day and night cycle A Immobilization theory 1 Sleep is an innate response with species specific patterns 2 Humans cant see well in the dark so it makes sense to sleep during the night 3 Keeps one inactive and safe in the least efficient part of the light cycle B Energy conservation theory 1 Following survival activities periods of inactivity are a good way to conserve energy III Why do we sleep A Functions of slow wave sleep 1 More essential for survival 2 Deeper level restorative sleep 3 Reduction of free radicals which are atoms who have lost an electron and have to steal an electron from another cells produces cellular damage the level of free radicals is correlated to disease less free radicals is better for the body B Functions of REM sleep 1 Promote brain development 2 Facilitate learning and consolidation of long term memories important for brain development babies and old people are in REM sleep more 3 REM rebound phenomenon a Occurs in everyone when they are REM sleep deprived b During periods of illness or while on medication one can have less REM sleep c You can make up for the lost REM sleep as a catch up making up the quality of sleep not the quantity of hours REM could be more important because you always catch up on REM sleep compares to slow wave sleep IV Measurement of sleep and arousal A Electroencephalogram EEG electrical potential recorded from electrodes places on the scalp to monitor brain wave activity B Eletrooculogram EOG measure of eye movements during sleep SWS rolling eye movements REM rapid eye movement C Electromyogram EMG electrical potential recorded from an electrode places on muscle measures changes in muscle tension and activity practically in the facial and neck muscles the mentalist muscle is located between the lip and chin that will be tense while awake and totally relaxed when asleep
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