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SJSU CS 147 - Input/Output

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CH10 Input/OutputData TransfersExternal DevicesPowerPoint PresentationSlide 5Input/Output ProblemsPeripherals (Picture from Dr. Lee’s web site)Input/Output ModuleGeneric Model of an I/O ModuleI/O Module FunctionI/O StepsI/O Module DiagramI/O Module DecisionsInput Output TechniquesThree I/O TechniquesProgrammed I/OProgrammed I/O - detailAddressing I/O DevicesI/O MappingInterrupt Driven I/OSimple Interrupt ProcessingInterrupt Driven I/O Basic OperationCPU ViewpointDesign Issues??Identifying Interrupting ModuleMultiple InterruptsDirect Memory AccessDMA FunctionDMA OperationDMA Configurations (1)DMA Configurations (2)DMA Configurations (3)I/O ChannelsIt’s over…Phewww But what did we learn??So why do a presentation, when you can pay an extra $5 for pizza?CH10 Input/OutputCH10 Input/OutputData TransferData TransferExternal DevicesExternal DevicesI/O ModulesI/O ModulesProgrammed I/OProgrammed I/OInterrupt-Driven I/OInterrupt-Driven I/ODirect Memory Direct Memory Access (DMA)Access (DMA)I/O Channels and I/O Channels and ProcessorProcessorHI-TECH With Ankush Gera!Data TransfersData TransfersSynchronous ----- Usually occur when peripherals are located within the same computer as the CPU. Close proximity allows all state bits change at same time on a common clock.Asynchronous ----- Do not require that the source and destination use the same system clock.External DevicesExternal DevicesHuman readableHuman readableScreen, printer, Screen, printer, keyboardkeyboardMachine readableMachine readableMonitoring and controlMonitoring and controlCommunicationCommunicationModemModemNetwork Interface Network Interface Card (NIC)Card (NIC)Input/Output ProblemsInput/Output ProblemsWide variety of peripheralsWide variety of peripheralsDelivering different amounts of dataDelivering different amounts of dataAt different speedsAt different speedsIn different formatsIn different formatsAll slower than CPU and RAMAll slower than CPU and RAMNeed I/O modulesNeed I/O modulesPeripherals Peripherals (Picture from Dr. Lee’s web site)(Picture from Dr. Lee’s web site)Input/Output ModuleInput/Output ModuleInterface to CPU and MemoryInterface to CPU and MemoryInterface to one or more peripheralsInterface to one or more peripheralsGENERIC MODEL OF I/O DIAGRAM GENERIC MODEL OF I/O DIAGRAMGeneric Model of an I/O ModuleGeneric Model of an I/O ModuleI/O Module FunctionI/O Module FunctionControl & TimingControl & TimingCPU CommunicationCPU CommunicationDevice CommunicationDevice CommunicationData BufferingData BufferingError DetectionError DetectionI/O StepsI/O StepsCPU checks I/O module device statusCPU checks I/O module device statusI/O module returns statusI/O module returns statusIf ready, CPU requests data transferIf ready, CPU requests data transferI/O module gets data from deviceI/O module gets data from deviceI/O module transfers data to CPUI/O module transfers data to CPUVariations for output, DMA, etc.Variations for output, DMA, etc.I/O Module DiagramI/O Module DiagramData RegisterStatus/Control RegisterExternalDeviceInterfaceLogicExternalDeviceInterfaceLogicInputOutputLogicDataLinesAddressLinesDataLinesDataStatusControlDataStatusControlSystems Bus InterfaceExternal Device InterfaceI/O Module DecisionsI/O Module DecisionsHide or reveal device properties to CPUHide or reveal device properties to CPUSupport multiple or single deviceSupport multiple or single deviceControl device functions or leave for CPUControl device functions or leave for CPUAlso O/S decisionsAlso O/S decisionsInput Output TechniquesInput Output TechniquesProgrammedProgrammedInterrupt drivenInterrupt drivenDirect Memory Access (DMA)Direct Memory Access (DMA)Three I/O TechniquesThree I/O TechniquesProgrammed I/OProgrammed I/OCPU has direct control over I/OCPU has direct control over I/OSensing statusSensing statusRead/write commandsRead/write commandsTransferring dataTransferring dataCPU waits for I/O module to complete CPU waits for I/O module to complete operationoperationWastes CPU timeWastes CPU timeProgrammed I/O - detailProgrammed I/O - detailCPU requests I/O operationCPU requests I/O operationI/O module performs operationI/O module performs operationI/O module sets status bitsI/O module sets status bitsCPU checks status bits periodicallyCPU checks status bits periodicallyI/O module does not inform CPU directlyI/O module does not inform CPU directlyI/O module does not interrupt CPUI/O module does not interrupt CPUCPU may wait or come back laterCPU may wait or come back laterAddressing I/O DevicesAddressing I/O DevicesUnder programmed I/O data transfer is very Under programmed I/O data transfer is very like memory access (CPU viewpoint)like memory access (CPU viewpoint)Each device given unique identifierEach device given unique identifierCPU commands contain identifier (address)CPU commands contain identifier (address)I/O MappingI/O MappingMemory mapped I/OMemory mapped I/ODevices and memory share an address spaceDevices and memory share an address spaceI/O looks just like memory read/writeI/O looks just like memory read/writeNo special commands for I/ONo special commands for I/OLarge selection of memory access commands Large selection of memory access commands availableavailableIsolated I/OIsolated I/OSeparate address spacesSeparate address spacesNeed I/O or memory select linesNeed I/O or memory select linesInterrupt Driven I/OInterrupt Driven I/OOvercomes CPU waitingOvercomes CPU waitingNo repeated CPU checking of deviceNo repeated CPU checking of deviceI/O module interrupts when readyI/O module interrupts when readySimple Interrupt Simple Interrupt ProcessingProcessingInterrupt Driven I/OInterrupt Driven I/OBasic OperationBasic OperationCPU issues read commandCPU issues read commandI/O module gets data from peripheral I/O module gets data from peripheral whilst CPU does other workwhilst CPU does other workI/O module interrupts CPUI/O module interrupts CPUCPU requests dataCPU requests dataI/O module transfers dataI/O module transfers dataCPU ViewpointCPU ViewpointIssue read commandIssue read commandDo other workDo other workCheck for interrupt at end of each instruction Check for interrupt at end of each instruction cyclecycleIf interrupted:-If interrupted:-Save context (registers)Save context


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SJSU CS 147 - Input/Output

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