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The American Revolution: From Elite Protest to Popular Revolt, 1763– 1783

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Slide 1Breakdown of Political TrustSlide 3No Taxation without Representation: The American PerspectiveSlide 5Eroding the Bonds of Empire IPaying Off the National DebtPopular ProtestFailed Attempts to Save the EmpireFueling the Crisis: The Townshend DutiesFatal Show of ForceLast Days of the Old Order, 1770–1773The Final Provocation: The Boston Tea PartyThe Coercive Acts or Intolerable ActsSlide 15Steps Toward IndependenceShots Heard Around the WorldBeginning “The World Over Again”: Early War EffortSlide 19Beginning “The World Over Again”: Decision for IndependenceSlide 21Fighting for IndependenceThe American Revolution, 1775–1781Building a Professional ArmySlide 25Testing the American Will“Times That Try Men’s Souls”Victory in a Year of DefeatSlide 29The French AllianceSlide 31The Final CampaignSlide 33The Loyalist DilemmaLoyalist StrongholdsWinning the PeacePreserving IndependenceChapterNinth EditionAmerica: Past and PresentAmerica: Past and PresentAmerica: Past and Present, Ninth EditionDivine • Breen • Frederickson • Williams • Gross • Brands Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.The American The American Revolution: Revolution: From Elite Protest to From Elite Protest to Popular Revolt, 1763–Popular Revolt, 1763–178317835Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.America: Past and Present, Ninth EditionDivine • Breen • Frederickson • Williams • Gross • BrandsBreakdown of Political Trust •Seven Years’ War left colonists optimistic about future•Most important consequence of Seven Years’ War – Britain left with enormous debt•1760—George III ascends throne –He believes he should make policies for the empire - wants active role in governmentCopyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.America: Past and Present, Ninth EditionDivine • Breen • Frederickson • Williams • Gross • BrandsBreakdown of Political Trust •Parliament disagrees with King•Hard for Parliament to get adequate information on colonies – little understanding of colonies•Parliamentary sovereignty is central issue–English officials assume that Parliament must have ultimate authority–Colonies want ultimate authorityCopyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.America: Past and Present, Ninth EditionDivine • Breen • Frederickson • Williams • Gross • BrandsNo Taxation without Representation: The American Perspective•Colonists try to reserve internal colonial authority for their own legislatures•Colonists assume their legislatures equal in some ways to Parliament•Americans not represented at all in ParliamentCopyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.America: Past and Present, Ninth EditionDivine • Breen • Frederickson • Williams • Gross • BrandsNo Taxation without Representation: The American Perspective•British officials promote “virtual representation”•Colonists insist only colonial assemblies should represent Americans •Colonists have strong belief that their own colonial assemblies represent them – not ParliamentCopyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.America: Past and Present, Ninth EditionDivine • Breen • Frederickson • Williams • Gross • BrandsEroding the Bonds of Empire I•British army left in America after Seven Years’ War•Colonists doubt the army’s value•Colonists want to settle west of Appalachians•Proclamation of 1763 bans settlement•Colonists see army as there to enforce proclamationCopyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.America: Past and Present, Ninth EditionDivine • Breen • Frederickson • Williams • Gross • BrandsPaying Off the National Debt•Prime Minister George Grenville attempts to reduce England’s war debt•Revenue Act of 1764 (the Sugar Act)•Merchants and gentry protest; most colonists ignoreCopyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.America: Past and Present, Ninth EditionDivine • Breen • Frederickson • Williams • Gross • BrandsPopular Protest •1765—Stamp Act requires all colonists purchase stamps – effects everyone•Stamp Act Congress petitions the King and Parliament for repeal – show restraint and conciliation •Radical colonial group called Sons of Liberty protest - includes riots, mob violence, and boycotts by women•An elite movement turned into mass movement•Patrick Henry denounced British taxation with Virginia resolves – main form of communication, newspapers, printed resolvesCopyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.America: Past and Present, Ninth EditionDivine • Breen • Frederickson • Williams • Gross • BrandsFailed Attempts toSave the Empire•1766—Parliament repeals Stamp Act•Repeal tied to Declaratory Act of 1766–Parliament sovereign over America “in all cases whatsoever” –Parliament believes in its own sovereignty•Controversy estranges colonists from English officialsCopyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.America: Past and Present, Ninth EditionDivine • Breen • Frederickson • Williams • Gross • BrandsFueling the Crisis: The Townshend Duties•Charles Townshend: chancellor of the exchequer•1767—Townshend Duties tax American imports of paper, lead, glass, and tea•Sons of Liberty organize boycott•Circular letter from Massachusetts House urges protest and ways to avoid the lawCopyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.America: Past and Present, Ninth EditionDivine • Breen • Frederickson • Williams • Gross • BrandsFatal Show of Force•English government moves 4000 troops to Boston•Troops clash with Boston’s population•English soldiers fire on civilian crowd, kill five Americans–Incident labeled the “Boston Massacre”–Victims seen as martyrs–Increased possibility of colonial armed resistance–Showed that British would resort to violence to restore order–Showed that colonists had lost respect for Britain •Townsend Duties repealed 1770, except tea – symbolize Parliament’s power to tax AmericansCopyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.America: Past and Present, Ninth EditionDivine • Breen •


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