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Myanmar IIA Part IIMargary IncidentFactors Leading to the 3rd WarThe 3rd Anglo-Burmese WarEnd of the Burmese MonarchySlide 6Rise of NationalismRise of NationalismStriving for IndependenceEntry Into WW IIWorld War IIDemands for IndependenceEarly Independence GovernmentEarly Civilian GovernmentDisunityPyidawtha (Land of Happiness)Constitutional EmergencyMilitary GovernmentThe Burmese Way of SocialismThe Unitary StateIt’s The EconomyThe Tea Shop IncidentRangoon Spring & RebellionThe Annulled ElectionSLORC ReformsSLORC’s Constitutional ConventionDealing with Ethnic MinoritiesInstitutionsSlide 29Slide 30Slide 31InstitutionsSlide 33Slide 34Slide 35The End of Part IIMyanmar IIAPart IIGovernment/History 354Campbell UniversityMargary Incident•In 1876, the British launched a two-way expedition to chart a RR route between Bhamo and Shanghai. Augustus Margary who had traveled from Shanghai was killed by tribesmen just inside China.•Myanmar was blamed for the death.•Relations worsened. Official contact ended when the British refused to remove their shoes to enter the royal court.Factors Leading to the 3rd War•In 1885, wild speculation follows the French establishing a consulate in Mandalay.•A judgment was made against the Bombay-Burmah Trading Company by the Hluttaw for failure to pay for 57,995 Teak logs. Payment was ordered to be made to the defrauded foresters of L33,333, to the king of L36,661 in royalties plus an equal amount in fines. •A letter surfaced supposedly suggesting a Franco-Burmese military alliance. It was the The letter proved to be a forgery. It was supposedly found by Chevalier Andreino, an agent for the Irrawaddy Flottila Company, Italian counsul and secret British agent.•It was the perfect screen for the BBTC’s guilt.The 3rd Anglo-Burmese War•Lord Randolph Churchill convinced the British government that it must preempt possible French intervention.•An ultimatum was sent to King Theebaw:–The BBTC case would be settled by the king in consultation with the viceroy’s representative.–All foreign affairs would conducted in accordance with the advice of the Indian government.–The British representative at royal court in Ava would wear his shoes and sword when meeting with the king. Additionally, he would be provided with a 1,000 soldier guard and a steamer fitted with cannon.End of the Burmese Monarchy•The king politely but categorically rejected the British ultimatum. •The British declared war. Mandalay was taken in 15 days. The king and his family were forced into exile in Madras on 45 minutes notice. They were subjected to the humiliation of being taken to a waiting ship in a bullock cart. •The insult sparked Burmese resistance. It took 30,000 men and five years to pacify the country.•Myanmar became of province of India until 1937.Mandalay by Rudyard Kipling By the old Moulmein Pagoda, lookin' eastward to the sea,There's a Burma girl a-settin', and I know she thinks o' me;For the wind is in the palm-trees, and the temple-bells they say:"Come you back, you British soldier; come you back to Mandalay!"&&& Come you back to Mandalay,&&& Where the old Flotilla lay:&&& Can't you 'ear their paddles chunkin' from Rangoon to Mandalay?&&& On the road to Mandalay,&&& Where the flyin'-fishes play,&&& An' the dawn comes up like thunder outer China 'crost the Bay!Rise of Nationalism•Demands for independence parallel those in India.– 1906 - Founding of Young Men’s Buddhist Association (YMBA). Becomes the General Council of Buddhist Associations (GCBA) in 1920.–1922 – The General Council of Sangha Associations (GCSA) formed to coordinate the activities of political monks. Saya San leads a peasant rebellion (tax revolt) in the south. Defended by Ba Maw in 1931 trial.–1929 – Dohbama Asiayone (We Burmans Ass.) established at Rangoon U. Produces the Thakin Party.–1932 – Sinyetha (Poor Man’s)party founded by Ba Maw.–1937 – The Red Dragon Book Club established.Rise of Nationalism •“On The Impropriety of Wearing Shoes on Pagoda Platforms” was written in 1916 by Led Sayadaw to protest British behavior. It reflects nationalist sentiments.•The Shwedagon Pagoda was built by the Mons. It’s 320 feet high and 1420 feet in circumference. It is covered with gold and jewels.Striving for Independence•The tenor of political movements tended to suggest paranoia.–The YMBA/GCBA is offended when Montagu-Chelmsford reforms of 1919 are not applied to Burma. But when.dyarchy is extended to Myanmar in 1921, the YMBA/GCBA boycotts the act.–When the depression of 1929 hits the Burmese rice market (prices drop by 2/3), the Burmese claim it’s a British imperial plot.–When the previously demanded separation of Myanmar from India is proposed in 1929, it is seen as a ploy to avoid granting Burma independence. Self rule is granted in 1935.Entry Into WW II•Ba Maw becomes first Premiere of Burma, 1937-39, but is jailed on sedition in 1940. Becomes head of Japanese puppet government until war ended, 1943-45.•Aung San organizes the Thirty Heroes in 1940 in response to offer of training by Colonel Suzuki Keiji. The Thirty Heroes return to Burma after training on Hainan Island. They become the core of the Burmese Independence Army (BIA).World War II•In 1942, the BIA supports Japanese invasion thru insurgency and sabotage. Ne Win infiltrates Rangoon.•1943, Aung San becomes Minister of Defense and Commander of the Burma Defense Army in the Ba Maw government. U Nu becomes Minister of Foreign Affairs.•1943-44, secret contacts are made with Force 136 and the Anti-Fascist Peoples Freedom League formed by Aung San as a resistance movement.Demands for Independence•The AFPFL led a revolt against the Japanese in Upper Burma in 1945, hastening their defeat by the British. The Karen guerrillas did the same in the South around Toungoo.•The AFPFL demands immediate independence. Aung Sang forms a Council of Minister in 1946. AFPFL candidates are almost unanimously elected to the Constituency Assembly in 1947.•Aung San plus six associates are assassinated at the instigation of U Saw.Early Independence Government•U Nu assumes leadership of the AFPFL & becomes first premier of the Union of Burma in 1948.•Chooses not to join the British Commonwealth.•U Nu was a devout Buddhist, a socialist and an author of a novel and several plays, all highly critical of various forms of social injustice. U NuEarly Civilian Government•The


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CAMPBELL HIST 354 - Myanmar IIA

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