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UNLV CEE 301 - Module 08 Horizontal Alignments

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NOTES Module 08 Horizontal Alignments In this module, students learn how to work with alignments in AutoCAD Civil 3D. Horizontal alignments are connected geometry used for road design and construction. Horizontal alignments can also be used to model other road features such as pavement edges, gutter lines, and ditches. Objectives After completing this module, students will be able to:  Create alignments using existing polylines.  Create an alignment by importing LandXML information.  Create an alignment using layout tools.  Edit alignments.  Create and modify alignment styles.  Label alignments.  Add alignment tables.  Create alignment reports in an external web browserAutoCAD Civil 3D 2009 Education Curriculum NOTES 08-2 Notes to Instructor In this module, students learn about alignments. Alignments are created, modified, and labeled. Students use alignment styles, create line and curve tables, and import and export alignment information in LandXML format. Data for this module resides in the \AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009 Education Curriculum\Module 08 - Horizontal Alignments\ folder. Student Exercises The following exercises are provided in step-by-step format. Open the Civil 3D program prior to beginning each exercise by double-clicking the Civil 3D icon on your desktop. Students working in the Imperial system should use the drawing files beginning with the letter I, while those working in the metric system should use the drawing files beginning with the letter M. You are provided with a drawing for each exercise. You must open the drawings provided with the exercises. The exercises in this module are as follows: 1. Create an Alignment with Polylines 2. Create Alignments with LandXML 3. Create an Alignment with Layout Tools 4. Edit Alignments 5. Use Alignment Styles 6. Label Alignments 7. Add Alignment Tables 8. Create Alignment ReportsModule 08 – Horizontal Alignments NOTES 08-3 Horizontal Alignments An alignment is a linear feature in the horizontal plane. An alignment is typically used for features such as road centerlines, pavement edges, and drainage lines. Alignments can represent existing features or proposed features. When used for roadway design, criteria exist to regulate the geometry of alignments based on a variety of factors including roadway classification, design speed, cross slope, pavement type, and many other items. The alignment also serves as the controlling geometry for the layout and construction of the road. Detailing the particular geometric points of alignments is critical in order for the design engineer to provide clear communication of the engineering data for the client, reviewers, and contractors. Alignment labels and styles are effective tools for providing this communication. Alignments are the first of the three primary design planes to be laid out and used by the designer. Profiles and cross sections provide the other two design planes necessary for a full three-dimensional description and modeling of proposed roadways. Key Terms Alignment An alignment is a linear feature in the horizontal plane. An alignment is typically used for features such as road centerlines, pavement edges, and drainage lines. Point of Curvature (PC) The PC is the transition point on the alignment from a tangent to a curve in the direction of increasing stationing. The PC is sometimes referred to as the beginning of curve. Point of Intersection (PI) The PI is the point where two tangents that are connected by a curve intersect. The tangents form the approaching and departing directions from the curve. The PI is not on the horizontal alignment, but is a key geometric point necessary to define the curve geometry. Point of Tangency (PT) The PT is the transition point on the alignment from a curve to a tangent in the direction of increasing stationing. The PT is sometimes referred to as the end of curve. Tangent A tangent is a straight line section of roadway. Curve In alignments for road design, a curve is based on horizontal circle geometry defined by a radius, an inscribed angle, and a length.AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009 Education Curriculum NOTES 08-4 Spiral A spiral is a curve with a variable radius. Spirals are used to provide a smooth transition between a tangent and a curve. At the tangent end of a spiral the radius is infinity. At the curve end of a spiral the radius matches that of the adjoining curve. LandXML LandXML is the standard form of XML (extensible markup language) used in land development software. LandXML files store civil engineering data such as alignments, profiles, surfaces, points, and pipe networks. LandXML is often used to transfer civil engineering data between different software applications. Tags Tags, or tag labels, are a shorthand method of labeling lines or curves. A line tag label is normally L1, L2, and so on; and a curve tag label is C1, C2, and so on. Tags reduce the amount of text directly around an alignment, making the drawing more readable. After you label an alignment with tag labels, you create a table that associates alignment geometry and coordinate data with the individual tags. Label Sets A label set is a collection of alignment station and geometry label styles for an alignment. When you create an alignment, you apply a label set as opposed to selecting individual label styles. Station Stationing is a form of linear referencing of distance along an alignment. A station is a value of distance from the start point added to the starting station value. The base value for imperial stationing is 100 feet, designated as 1+00. The base value for metric stationing is 1000 meters, designated 1+000. Station Reference Point The station reference point is the point on the alignment about which stationing is based. When you first create an alignment, the station reference point is the beginning of the alignment. Offset An offset is a perpendicular distance from an alignment. Station-Offset A station-offset is a method for identifying the location of a point based on the alignment station and the perpendicular offset that matches the position.Module 08 – Horizontal Alignments NOTES 08-5 EXERCISE 1: CREATE ALIGNMENTS WITH POLYLINES In this exercise, you create alignments using polylines. When you complete this exercise, your screen should display following illustration. For this exercise, open …\Module 08 – Horizontal Alignments\I_Alignments-EX1.dwg


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UNLV CEE 301 - Module 08 Horizontal Alignments

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