CS231: Computer Architecture IMaría J. GarzaránSpring 2008Introduction to CS2311Course Organization• Course website:http://www.cs.uiuc.edu/class/sp08/cs231/– Office hours, policies, schedule, etc. posted– A tentative set of lecture notes will be postedModifications may take place right up to, or during lecture.Therefore you should download the class notes after a lecture• Instructor:Maria J. GarzaranOffice: 4308Email: garzaran at cs.uiuc.eduOffice Hours: Wednesdays 11:00 am to noonWeb page: http://polaris.cs.uiuc.edu/~garzaran• TAs:Office: 0212 SC Email: [email protected] Smith (Office hours: TBA) Rajhans Samdani (Office hours: TBA)Jin Tae KwakIntroduction to CS2312Course Objectives After taking this course, you will:– Learn how to design digital (i.e. boolean) circuits– Have a high-level understanding of how to design a general-purposecomputer:• Its hardware components• What they are built from• How to design them• Also, how to design digital circuits other than computers– Understand some of the important ideas for designing morecomplex computers.Introduction to CS2313Course Organization• Lectures Monday and Wednesday 10:00 to 10:50 am.Review Session Friday 10:00 to 10:50 am• TextbookLogic and Computer Design Fundamentals, 4rd Editionby M. Morris Mano and Charles R. Kime.Published by Prentice-Hall, 2008.ISBN: 0-13-600158-0We will mark which section in the book corresponds to the material coveredin each lectureLecture notes are enough to do the homeworks and the exams, but readingthe book is highly recommendedIntroduction to CS2314Course Organization• Daily Quizzes:There will be a quizz after every lecture. You can try each quiz multipletimes until the due date.The quizz will be due:• 10 am Wed for the quizz on Monday class• 10 am Friday for the quizz on Wed classThere is a quizz 0 after this class. It is a fake quizz, just to test thatthings will work fine for the real quizzes.Introduction to CS2315Course Organization• Weekly Homeworks:Will be posted on Mondays and due the following Monday.Homeworks will be accepted up to two days late, with a 10% penalty foreach late day.You may make only one submission per problem set (i.e., you may notturn in most of the problems on time and then a few more the nextday).To submit the homeworks:- Hand it to the TA- Slide it under the TA office door (0212) when no one is there -- DONOT place in the bins outside the doorIntroduction to CS2316Course Organization• Exams:There will be two midterms and a final.Midterms will cover the material since the previous midterm.However, the final exam will cover the material from the beginning, with specialemphasis on the material covered after the second midterm.No calculators, books or notes will be allowed in the exams.• Evaluation:– Daily quizzes: 5%– Homeworks: 30%– Midterms: 38%– Finals: 27%The distribution of final grades will be approximately 30% As, 35% Bs, 30% Cs,5% other.Percentage are subject to change.Introduction to CS2317Course Organization• CheatingYou can discuss the homeworks with other members of the class,myself, or the TA. However, do not look at or copy anyone else'ssolutions.I am not concerned with how you come to understand the problem andhow to solve it, but once you have the background necessary to solve it,you must provide your own solution.The penalty for cheating ranges from a failing grade for an assignmentto dismissal from the university. You can read the gory details of theUniversity's cheating policy in Rule 33 of the Code of Policies andRegulations Applying to All Students.Introduction to CS2318Questions?• For questions regarding homeworks, clarification of the material, etc, you shoulduse the newsgroup class.cs231 on the department’s server.– You need to SET UP the newsgroup– Check if your question has already been asked before posting– A message to the newsgroup is the preferred method because:• It is faster• Other students can see the answer• You can also send an email to [email protected] to CS2319Today’s lecture• A grand overview• How have we been able to make a “Machine” that can do complex things• Add and multiply really fast• Weather forecast, design of medicinal drugs• Speech recognition, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence..• Web browsers, internet communication protocols• Starting at (almost) the lowest level– Gates to GatesIntroduction to CS23110The Modest Switch• All these capabilities are built from an extremely simple component:– A controllable switch• The usual Electrical switch we use every day– The electric switch we use turns current on and off– But we need to turn it on and off by hand– The result of turning the switch on?• The “top end” in the figure becomes• raised to a high voltage• Which makes the current flow through the bulb•The Controllable Switch• No hands•Voltage controls if the switch is on or off•High voltage at input: switch on•Otherwise it is offIntroduction to CS23111Using the switchOutputInput Output is high (voltage) if and only ifthe input is highNow we can make one circuit controlanother switch…Neat!This is gettingboring..Introduction to CS23112Lets use them creativelyOutput is high if both the inputsinput1 AND input2 are highIf either of the inputs is low, theoutput is low.Input1Input2OutputThis is called an AND gateNow, can you make an OR gate withswitches?Introduction to CS23113OR GateInput1Input2OutputOutput is low iff both inputs are lowI.e. Output is high if either of the inputs (or both) arehigh (input1 OR input2)Introduction to CS23114Basic Gates• There are three basic kinds of logic gatesANDof two inputsOR of twoinputsNOT(complement)on one inputOperation:Logic gate:•Two Questions:•How can we implement such switches?•What can we build with Gates? And How?Introduction to CS23115How to make switches?• Use mechanical power• Use hydrolic pressure• Use electromechanical switches (electromagnet turns the switch on)• Current technology:– Semiconductor transistors• A transitor can be made to conduct electricity depending on theinput on the 3rd input– CMOS “gates” (actually, switches)• We can now manufacture millions of transistors on a single silicon chip!Two properties of Switches and Gates:SizeSwitching and Propagation delaySo, switches and Gates are no magic. We believe they can be builtIntroduction to CS23116A little bit about technology• Two properties of Switches
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