UNC-Chapel Hill PLSC 497B - Funding of Poor School Districts- The initiation of reform

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Funding of Poor School Districts The initiation of reform By Sabrina Ciccola PLSC 497B Spring 2004 Overview Where did No Child Left Behind come from Comparing ESEA of 1965 NCLB of 2001 Question at hand My Hypothesis Keywords used and Review of Methods Associations involved Important Dates to keep in mind Data Conclusions and possible data problems Where did No Child Left Behind come from The original was ESEA of 1965 The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 was a landmark education bill Pres Johnson s Great Society changed the responsibility of funding school districts from local level to a national responsibility Liberals and Conservatives have argued over the specifics of the act along with funding amounts Disagreement in Congress led failure in renewal of the ESEA act in 2000 ESEA of 1965 NCLB of 2001 ESEA was meant to Help disadvantaged and low income children to be brought up to par with their peers through annual testing Schools with chronic below average testing scores are required to provide supplement tutoring at public s expense Pres Bush s new education bill signed in 2002 Administration s main legislative concern Annual testing implemented Student performance a stipulation to receive funding Additional services and supplemental tutoring changed as an expense of the schools funds The Question Whether the changes that the government makes to education standards are promoted by concern of the government and Dept Of Ed Or does it become a movement infiltrated by local and state level communities Considering the concept of social mobilization from a top down or a bottom up perspective support can be drawn for both arguments There are examples of the Top down process having occurred along with data that conveys bottom up developing rates of social mobilization Hypothesis I believe there to be a strong development in the national society which then activates the movement to the local level With national organization members distributing data from several socio political analysts that add to the controversy on a local level which is a more common process of social mobilization Keywords For Assoc Unlimited Nat l Interest Groups Educational Funding OR Educational Reform OR Educational Testing OR NEA Media Attention School District Funding Disparities School District Funding Poverty Poverty and School Districts Govt Attention Policy Agendas Advanced Search Elementary and Secondary Education Keyword Methods Keywords Tried several different searches using words such as Education al Funding Disparities Poor School Districts and Education al Reform Could not use uniform keyword for each Govt Media and Associations i e For Govt or Media Attn NEA would yield incorrect hits For Media Attn Educational Reform would yield mostly hits of international education issues Methods Govt Attention Policy Agendas Project Media Attention Govt Information Congressional Quarterly Organizations New York Times HistoricalProQuest Gale Associations Unlimited Background Information go to References ProQuest Journals NEA website 39 Associations Active in 2004 Accuracy in Academia Am Assoc of School Admin Alliance for the Separation of School and State American Education Finance Assoc Armenian Educational Foundation Amer Federation of School Administrators American Federation Teachers Assoc Supervision Curriculum Dev Better Chance Bill Raskob Foundation Center for School Change Committee for Education Funding Council for Aid to Education Council for Resource Development Council on Career Development for Minorities Education Funding Research Council Educational Planning Institute Educational Records Bureau Educational Testing Service Family Consumer Science Educ Ass Henry M Jackson Foundation Nation s Report Card National Asses of Educational Progress Nat l Academy of Am Scholars National Academy of Teaching Nat l Assoc Elementary School Principals Nat l Ass Federally Impacted School Nat l Assoc Student Financial Aid Admin Nat l Association of Test Directors Nat l Center for Fair Open Testing Nat l Center for Research on Evaluation Standards and Student Testing Nat l Council Measurement in Education Nat l Council of Urban Education Assoc National Education Association NEA Fndn for Improvement of Education Secondary School Admission Test Board Teaching for Change The William Flora Hewlett Foundation Thomas B Fordham Foundation Van Andel Education Institute Major Player The National Education Association NEA was founded in 1857 one of the first known org to drive the ideas of educational quality and improvement on a national level Sound Familiar Pres Johnson s Great Society According to the org the policy and reform it pursues as an organization comes from its members during conferences Important Dates 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act debated in Congress passed in 1966 ESEA 1983 Nation At Risk Former President George Bush indicates there is cause to worry about schools 2001 President G W Bush passes the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 NY Times Poverty and School Districts 5 8 1 4 7 0 3 6 9 2 5 8 1 196 197 197 197 198 198 198 198 199 199 199 200 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 196 T o ta l p e r Y e a r Media Coverage Years Founding and Density Dates Dates Density Founding Density Dates Prior to 1920 3 3 1920 1929 7 4 1930 1939 8 1 1930 1939 1940 1949 10 2 1940 1949 1950 1960 14 4 1950 1960 1961 1970 23 9 Prior to 1920 1920 1929 1961 1970 1971 1980 1971 1980 29 6 1981 1990 36 7 1991 1998 39 3 1981 1990 1991 1998 T o ta ls p e r y e a r Assoc Density vs Media Attn 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Prior 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990to 1929 1939 1949 1959 1969 1979 1989 1999 1920 Density Dates 10 yr intervals NYT Coverage 19 46 19 50 19 54 19 58 19 62 19 66 19 70 19 74 19 78 19 82 19 86 19 90 19 94 19 98 T o t a ls p e r y e a r Density vs Media vs Govt 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Associations NYT Years Cong l Hearings 44 40 36 32 28 24 20 16 12 8 4 0 NY Times Poverty and School Districts Cong l Hearings Elementary and Secondary Education 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 T o ta l p e r y e a r Media Attn vs Govt Attn Years Media Coverage vs Gov t Attention Hearings Policy Agenda Proj N Y T General Subj of Education Total per Interval Media vs Gov t vs Public Laws 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Public Laws NY Times Cong l Hearings 950 1 960 1 970 1 980 1 990 1 998 1 71 46 51 61 81 91 19 19 19 19 19 19 Year Intervals


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UNC-Chapel Hill PLSC 497B - Funding of Poor School Districts- The initiation of reform

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