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UF ANT 3514 - Lab 3_Primates

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Station 2: Social decision makingStation 4: Social SystemsStation 5: EcologyStation 6: DentitionStation 7: IdentificationStation 8: LocomotionStation 9: CraniaStation 10: Sexual DimorphismStation 11: Entire skeletonsTHOUGHT EXERCISES1. Group LivingSampling Methods and Data CollectionPrimate MorphologyThis lab will give you tools to use in order to morphologically differentiate some types of primates from others. Below are a few things you will need to know in order to do this. You will see examples in lab. Pages 138-152 in your textbook will be useful for this lab.DentitionStrepsirhineHaplorhinePlatyrrhine (New World Monkeys)Catarrhine (Old World Monkeys)ANT 3514 – Introduction to Biological AnthropologyLab 3: Primate Behavior and MorphologyWeek of 5/23/05Station 1: Behavioral Observation/ Sampling MethodsWe will practice what it is like to take behavioral data on primates. Watch the video for 5minutes and take ad lib data (see handout) on the monkeys you see. Now watch the same video and record focal scan data on one of the monkeys in 30 second intervals. Here are some descriptions that may help you: groom self, groom other,receive grooming, visual scan, move, forage, eat, scratch, etc. Use any other words you feel will best describe the activities. 1Compare your two data sets. Which do think is a more accurate way of collecting data? In what situation would you need to use ad lib data? Station 2: Social decision makingWhat is going on in this picture (A)? _______________________Pretend you are an adult male monkey. Why would you spend time doing this to:a)an infant ____________________________b)an adult female ____________________________c)another adult male _____________________________The marmosets in picture B are participating in food sharing. Pretend you are an adult female monkey. Why would you spend time doing this to:a)an infant _____________________________________b)another adult female _____________________________________c)an adult male _____________________________________Station 4: Social SystemsName the types of social systems pictured here:A.B.C.D.E.Station 5: EcologyLook at the two different habitats pictured (savanna and tropical wet forest). What behavioral and anatomical traits (listed below) would likely emerge in each of these ecological settings? a) SAVANNA:b) TROPICAL WET FOREST:Traits:Long-distance vocalizations (for non-visual communication)BrachiationPrehensile tailLarge social groups (for predator detection and defense)Semi-terrestrial locomotion/quadrupedalism2Station 6: DentitionA. Which set of teeth is human and why? B. Write down the dental formula for each of the following sets of teethA.B.C.D.C. Answer the following questions using the labeled sets of teeth. There may be more than one correct answer. Which has bilophodont molars?Which has a Y-5 cusp pattern? Which is a New World monkey and why?Which is a Strepsirhine and why?Station 7: IdentificationUsing what you know about primate classification, decide which of these are the following. Give at least one morphological reason for each.Platyrrhine primates _________________ __________________Catarrhine Primates _________________ ___________________3Station 8: LocomotionName two skeletal characteristics unique to each of these modes of locomotion:Leaper1.__________________ 2.__________________________Arboreal Quadruped1. __________________ 2. __________________________Suspensory Primate1. ___________________ 2. __________________________Station 9: CraniaThese are an ape skull, a human skull, a monkey skull and a non-primate skull. Describe two differences between:Ape and human 1. _____________________ 2. ____________________________Monkey and ape 1.________________________ 2. ____________________________Monkey and non-primate 1._______________________ 2. _______________________Station 10: Sexual DimorphismGorillas exhibit a strong degree of sexual dimorphism. Male gorillas also have a sagittal crest, a ridge of bone running along the top of the skull, which anchors the jaw muscles. Which of these skulls belongs to a female gorilla?4Station 11: Entire skeletonsHere are a human, macaque, and chimpanzee skeletons. Using what you learned about human osteology in Lab 1, fill out the table to describe the differences you see in these bones:Human Monkey ChimpScapulaOs CoxaLower limbTHOUGHT EXERCISES1. Group LivingName 3 reasons a primate would want to live in a group. 1.2.3.Name 3 reasons a primate would NOT want to live in a group.1.2.3. 2. Captive vs. Field Studiesa) Provide an example research question that could best be addressed by studying a primate group in its natural habitat.b) Provide an example research question that could best be addressed by studying a primate group in captivity5READING QUESTIONS:1. Why are humans categorized as paraphyletic? (Ch. 16 - Marks)2. How might the study presented by Strier (Ch. 17) be of practical use to humans?3. Based on the evidence outlined in Sussman's article (Ch. 20), do you think that violence is an inherent part of the human condition? (This is an opinion question, but provide a thoughtful response that clearly illustrates that you read and understood the article). 4. How does Johanson and Edey (Ch. 1) define hominid? How do they define human? 5. Which parts of the Lucy skeleton are more similar to the chimpanzees? Which are are similar to the human? (Textbook Chapter 10)6. What was Dettwyler (Ch. 4) hoping to find out by examining the mouths and teeth of her subjects? 6Primate Behavior HandoutSampling Methods and Data CollectionData on primate (and other animal) behavior are usually collected using established sampling rules and recording rules. Sampling rules tell you which animals to watch and when while recording rules tell you how to record this information (Martin and Bateson 1993). For this lab we will be using ad libitum (ad lib) sampling and instantaneous focal animal sampling. Ad lib sampling: no specific constraints are put on what is recorded or when. Observers write down anything that seems relevant or interesting at the time. Adlib sampling is most useful in recording rare events such as copulations or predation that might be missed in focal animal sampling. Data collected ad lib might look like this:1020: adult male grooms other


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