Article Contentsp. [409]p. 410p. 411p. 412p. 413p. 414p. [415]p. 416p. 417p. 418p. 419p. 420p. 421p. 422Issue Table of ContentsChild Development, Vol. 67, No. 2 (Apr., 1996), pp. 253-719Front MatterErratum: The Role of Emotionality and Regulation in Children's Social Functioning: A Longitudinal StudyMexican-American and Anglo-American Children's Responsiveness to a Theory-Centered AIDS Education Program [pp. 253 - 266]The Younger Sisters of Childbearing Adolescents: Their Attitudes, Expectations, and Behaviors [pp. 267 - 282]Ethnicity and Community Context as Moderators of the Relations between Family Decision Making and Adolescent Adjustment [pp. 283 - 301]Socialization Values and Practices of Indian Immigrant Parents: Correlates of Modernity and Acculturation [pp. 302 - 313]Does Schooling Buffer the Effects of Early Risk? [pp. 314 - 326]The Onset and Cross-Temporal Patterning of Sexual Intercourse in Middle Adolescence: Prospective Relations with Behavioral and Emotional Problems [pp. 327 - 343]Predicting the Timing of First Sexual Intercourse for At-Risk Adolescent Males [pp. 344 - 359]A Model of the Effects of Perceived Parent and Peer Support on Adolescent False Self Behavior [pp. 360 - 374]Adolescent Girls' Relationships with Mothers and Best Friends [pp. 375 - 386]Cognitive Development of Chinese Urban Only Children and Children with Siblings [pp. 387 - 395]Ethnic Differences in Children's Intelligence Test Scores: Role of Economic Deprivation, Home Environment, and Maternal Characteristics [pp. 396 - 408]Genetic and Environmental Influences on Temperament in Middle Childhood: Analyses of Teacher and Tester Ratings [pp. 409 - 422]Peer Relationships and Emotional Well-Being of Youngesters with Sickle Cell Disease [pp. 423 - 436]Mixed Message Resolution and Children's Responses to Interadult Conflict [pp. 437 - 448]Empathy, Emotional Expressiveness, and Prosocial Behavior [pp. 449 - 470]The Peer Relations of Preschool Children with Communication Disorders [pp. 471 - 489]Inhibitory Control in Young Children and Its Role in Emerging Internalization [pp. 490 - 507]Behavioral Inhibition and Stress Reactivity: The Moderating Role of Attachment Security [pp. 508 - 522]Behavioral and Physiological Antecedents of Inhibited and Uninhibited Behavior [pp. 523 - 540]Associations among Attachment Classifications of Mothers, Fathers, and Their Infants [pp. 541 - 555]Trouble in the Second Year: Three Questions about Family Interaction [pp. 556 - 578]And Baby Makes Four: Predictors of Attachment Security among Preschool-Age Firstborns during the Transition to Siblinghood [pp. 579 - 596]Using Mothers versus Trained Observers in Assessing Children's Secure Base Behavior: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations [pp. 597 - 605]Quality of Center Child Care and Infant Cognitive and Language Development [pp. 606 - 620]Birth Order Effects on Early Language Development: Do Secondborn Children Learn from Overheard Speech? [pp. 621 - 634]The Role of Discourse Novelty in Early Word Learning [pp. 635 - 645]Response Modality Affects Human Infant Delayed-Response Performance [pp. 646 - 658]Two-Year-Old Children's Sensitivity to a Parent's Knowledge State When Making Requests [pp. 659 - 677]A Comparison of Young Children's Understanding of Contradictory Representations in Pretense, Memory, and Belief [pp. 678 - 688]Knowing about Guessing and Guessing about Knowing: Preschoolers' Understanding of Indeterminacy [pp. 689 - 716]Back Matter [pp. 717 - 719]Genetic and Environmental Influences on Temperament in Middle Childhood: Analyses ofTeacher and Tester RatingsAuthor(s): Stephanie Schmitz, Kimberly J. Saudino, Robert Plomin, David W. Fulker, J. C.DeFriesSource: Child Development, Vol. 67, No. 2 (Apr., 1996), pp. 409-422Published by: Blackwell Publishing on behalf of the Society for Research in Child DevelopmentStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1131823 .Accessed: 24/08/2011 15:22Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jspJSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected] Publishing and Society for Research in Child Development are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize,preserve and extend access to Child Development.http://www.jstor.orgGenetic and Environmental Influences on Temperament in Middle Childhood: Analyses of Teacher and Tester Ratings Stephanie Schmitz University of Colorado, Boulder Kimberly J. Saudino and Robert Plomin The Pennsylvania State University David W. Fulker and J. C. DeFries University of Colorado, Boulder SCHMITZ, STEPHANIE; SAUDINO, KIMBERLY J.; PLOMIN, ROBERT; FULKER, DAVID W.; and DEFRIES, J. C. Genetic and Environmental Influences on Temperament in Middle Childhood: Analyses of Teacher and Tester Ratings. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1996, 67, 409-422. Parent ratings of temper- ament in infancy and childhood yield evidence for genetic influence in twin studies but not in adoption studies. The present study used the sibling adoption design to investigate teacher and tester ratings of temperament in middle childhood. When each child was 7 years old, ratings on the Colorado Childhood Temperament Inventory were obtained from a teacher and tester for more than 50 pairs each of adoptive and nonadoptive siblings in the Colorado Adoption Project. Significant genetic influence emerged for both teacher and tester ratings of Activity, for tester ratings of Sociability, and for teacher ratings of Emotionality. Results obtained from bivariate genetic analysis suggest that the modest covariance between teacher and tester ratings of Activity is entirely mediated genetically. Except for teacher ratings of Attention Span, evidence of shared family environment was nonsignificant, despite the power of the sibling adoption design to detect it. Introduction The evidence for genetic influence on temperament in childhood largely comes from twin studies using parental ratings (Plomin, 1986). However, the first parent- offspring and sibling adoption study of pa- rental ratings of temperament found no evi- dence for genetic influence from 1 to 7 years