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UW CSEP 590 - Lecture Notes

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Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyCryptography is ...CharactersSlide 4Basic CommunicationAnother CharacterBasic Communication ProblemTwo-Party EnvironmentsRemote Coin FlippingGround RuleIs Remote Coin Flipping Possible?Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14A Protocol Flow TreeSlide 16Pruning the TreeSlide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Completing the PruningSlide 33Slide 34Conclusion of Part IHow to Remotely Flip a CoinSlide 37Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 41Slide 42Slide 43Slide 44Slide 45Slide 46Slide 47Slide 48Slide 49Slide 50Slide 51Slide 52Slide 53Slide 54Slide 55Slide 56Slide 57Slide 58Slide 59Slide 60Slide 61Let’s PlaySlide 63Slide 64Checking PrimalityHow are the Answers Reconciled?Slide 67Slide 68Applications of Remote FlippingBit CommitmentOne-Way FunctionsSlide 72Slide 73Slide 74Slide 75Slide 76Slide 77The Fundamental EquationSlide 79Slide 80Slide 81Slide 82Slide 83ImplementationHow to compute YX mod NSlide 86Slide 87Slide 88Slide 89Slide 90Slide 91Slide 92Slide 93Slide 94Slide 95Slide 96Slide 97Slide 98Slide 99Slide 100Slide 101Slide 102Slide 103Slide 104Sliding Window MethodLarge-Integer OperationsLarge-Integer AdditionSlide 108Slide 109Slide 110Slide 111Slide 112Slide 113Large-Integer MultiplicationSlide 115Slide 116Slide 117Slide 118Slide 119Slide 120Large-Integer SquaringSlide 122Slide 123Slide 124Recall computing YX mod NKaratsuba MultiplicationSlide 127Slide 128Slide 129Slide 130Slide 131Slide 132Slide 133Slide 134Slide 135Slide 136Slide 137Slide 138Slide 139Slide 140Slide 141Slide 142Slide 143Slide 144Slide 145Chinese RemainderingSlide 147Slide 148Modular ReductionSlide 150Slide 151Slide 152Slide 153Slide 154Slide 155The Montgomery MethodMontgomery MultiplicationUsing the Montgomery ProductSlide 159Slide 160Slide 161Slide 162Slide 163Diffie-Hellman Key ExchangeSlide 165Slide 166Slide 167Slide 168Slide 169Slide 170Slide 171Slide 172Slide 173Slide 174Slide 175More on Quasi-CommutivityOne-Way Trap-Door FunctionsSlide 178RSA Public-Key CryptosystemSlide 180Slide 181Slide 182Slide 183Slide 184Slide 185Some RSA DetailsSlide 187Slide 188RSA SignaturesSlide 190Slide 191Slide 192Slide 193Slide 194Public Key DirectorySlide 196Certificate AuthorityTrust ChainsAuthenticationSlide 200Slide 201Slide 202Slide 203Slide 204RSA CautionsSlide 206The Hastad AttackThe Bleichenbacher Attack“Man-in-the-Middle” AttacksThe Practical SideSlide 211Slide 212Slide 213Slide 214Slide 215Slide 216Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyJosh BenalohBrian LaMacchiaJohn ManferdelliJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyCryptography is ...•Protecting Privacy of Data•Authentication of Identities•Preservation of Integrity… basically any protocols designed to operate in an environment absent of universal trust.January 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyCharactersAliceJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyCharactersBobJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyBasic CommunicationHelloAlice talking to BobJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyAnother CharacterEveJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyBasic Communication ProblemHello Eve listening to Alice talking to BobJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyTwo-Party EnvironmentsAlice BobJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyRemote Coin Flipping•Alice and Bob decide to make a decision by flipping a coin.•Alice and Bob are not in the same place.January 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyGround RuleProtocol must be asynchronous.•We cannot assume simultaneous actions.•Players must take turns.January 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyIs Remote Coin Flipping Possible?January 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyIs Remote Coin Flipping Possible?Two-part answer:January 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyIs Remote Coin Flipping Possible?Two-part answer:•NO – I will sketch a formal proof.January 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyIs Remote Coin Flipping Possible?Two-part answer:•NO – I will sketch a formal proof.•YES – I will provide an effective protocol.January 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyA Protocol Flow TreeA:B:A:B:January 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyA Protocol Flow TreeA:B:A:B:BBAB AABB A BBBB AB AB BAA BJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyPruning the TreeABABAB BAJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyPruning the TreeABABA:B:January 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyA Protocol Flow TreeA:B:A:B:BBAB AABB A BBBB AB AB BAA BJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyA Protocol Flow Tree A:B:A:B:BBAB AABBBB AB AB BAA BJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyA Protocol Flow Tree A:B:A:B:BBAB AABBBB AB AB BBJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyA Protocol Flow Tree A:B:A:B:BAB AABBBB AB AB BBJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyA Protocol Flow Tree A:B:A:B:BAB AABB AB AB BBJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyA Protocol Flow Tree A:B:A:B:BAB AABAB AB BBJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyA Protocol Flow Tree A:B:A:B:BAB AABAB ABJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyA Protocol Flow Tree A:B:A:B:BAABAB ABJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyA Protocol Flow Tree A:B:A:B:B ABAB ABJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyA Protocol Flow Tree A:B:A:B:B A BB ABJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyA Protocol Flow Tree A:B:A:B:B A B BJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyA Protocol Flow TreeA:B:A:B:AJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyA Protocol Flow TreeAJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyCompleting the PruningWhen the pruning is complete one will end up with eitherJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyCompleting the PruningWhen the pruning is complete one will end up with either•a winner before the protocol has begun, orJanuary 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyCompleting the PruningWhen the pruning is complete one will end up with either•a winner before the protocol has begun, or•a useless infinite game.January 14, 2019Practical Aspects of Modern CryptographyConclusion of Part IRemote coin


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UW CSEP 590 - Lecture Notes

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