Anth 176A: North American ArchaeologyProf. Judith Habicht MaucheSpring 2009UCSC1Southwest IV:Late Prehistoric TownsLecture 17North American ArchaeologySpring 2009UCSCPueblo III A.D. 1150-1300 Aggregation of population into fewer, but largernucleated pueblos (towns) In fewer and more densely settled locations. Examples: Montezuma Valley, Great SagePlains, Mesa Verde, Tsegi Canyon, etc. Sift from open sites to“cliff dwellings” Defensive locations? Example: Betatakin,Tsegi Canyon,AZAnth 176A: North American ArchaeologyProf. Judith Habicht MaucheSpring 2009UCSC2 Fewer small kivas More community orientedceremonial features Architectural evidence forclans, moieties, sodalitiesExamples: Mug House, SpruceTree House, Long House(Mesa Verde) Clustering of sites intomulti-village“communities” Less mobility, greaterterritoriality, morecompetition Mike Adler: “hostile andbalkanized fiefdoms” Example 1: SandCanyon and GoodmanPoint Example 2: Fewkes andCliff Canyons in MesaVerdeAnth 176A: North American ArchaeologyProf. Judith Habicht MaucheSpring 2009UCSC3 Intensification of foodproduction Cooperative labor Water controlsystems Dams Reservoirs Terraced fieldsHopi corn and melon field (1944)PIII PotteryLocal Styles = Local IdentitiesCommunity specializationTrade between communitiesAbandonment, AD 1250-1300WHY??Anth 176A: North American ArchaeologyProf. Judith Habicht MaucheSpring 2009UCSC4 Climate Change “Great Drought” Rainfall lesspredictable Little Ice Age--coolingtrend Warfare and Raiding “Balkanization”,territoriality Evidence of violence,cannibalism? Spiritual Crisis New ReligiousMovements based onFertility/WorldRenewalAnth 176A: North American ArchaeologyProf. Judith Habicht MaucheSpring 2009UCSC5Pueblo IV, AD 1275-1600 Large, multi-roomblock pueblos Large open plazas Small and large kivas Assoc. w/ clans,sodalities and moieties Ethnically diversecommunities ReligiousIconography Katsina cult andrelated practices Leaders control ritualknowledge Craft specialization Regional trade andinteractionAnth 176A: North American ArchaeologyProf. Judith Habicht MaucheSpring 2009UCSC6Continuity with Historic and Modern
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