PowerPoint PresentationSlide 2Slide 3Water Sample CollectionWater Sample ProcessingUranium cycling: A case studyDOQQ and ContoursLyssy PondDissolved O2 and lake metal cyclingSlide 10“Excess” metals sources to sedimentsUranium sources to surface watersSlide 13Slide 14Slide 15Particulate Matter Characteristics: A driver for sorption (or lack of)Slide 17Slide 18BackgroundPrevious FindingsExperimental ProceduresSlide 22Results from soil studyDistribution of ContaminantsHydrodynamics - Pulse HypothesisHydrodynamicsThus the great alchemy of the Universe!““We have to continually be jumping off cliffs and We have to continually be jumping off cliffs and developing our wings on the way down”developing our wings on the way down”Kurt VonnegutKurt VonnegutBeware of the man who works hard to learn Beware of the man who works hard to learn something, learns it, and finds himself no wiser something, learns it, and finds himself no wiser than before. […] He is full of murderous than before. […] He is full of murderous resentment of people who are ignorant without resentment of people who are ignorant without having come by their ignorance the hard way. having come by their ignorance the hard way. Kurt Vonnegut, "Cat's Cradle"Kurt Vonnegut, "Cat's Cradle"A littl’ TexasAdventure…A littl’ TexasAdventure…A littl’ Texas Adventure…A littl’ Texas Adventure…Water Sample Water Sample CollectionCollectionWater Sample Water Sample CollectionCollectionWater Sample Water Sample ProcessingProcessingWater Sample Water Sample ProcessingProcessingUranium cycling: A case Uranium cycling: A case studystudyDOQQ and Contours%[%[%[%[%[%[%[%[%[%[µ200 0 200100 MetersGamma RadiationMicro-Roentgens / hour%[ Surface Cores9142550100150200250300350400Lyssy Lyssy PondPondLyssy Lyssy PondPond Thermocline  Stratified Water column Declining DO0501001502002503003504000.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0DO (mg/L) and pHDepth (cm)19.5 20 20.5 21 21.5Tempe rature ( C)Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) pH Temperature (C)Redox clineDissolved ODissolved O22 and lake metal cycling and lake metal cyclingMetal concentrations in Lyssy Pond SedimentsMetal concentrations in Lyssy Pond SedimentsBrandenberger J., Louchouarn P., Herbert B.E., and Tissot P. (2004). Geochemical and hydrodynamic controls on arsenic and other trace metal cycling in a seasonally stratified US sub-tropical reservoir. Applied Geochemistry. Vol. 19. p: 1601-16230204060801001200 20 40 60 80 100As and U (ug/g)Depth (cm)AsU0204060801001200 20 40 60 80Hg (ng/g) Depth (cm)0 10 20 30 40Pb (ug/g)HgPbDissolved ODissolved O22 and lake metal cycling and lake metal cycling0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Depth (m)19.5 20 20.5 21 21.5DO (mg/L)pHTemperature (C)Redox cline0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.00 50 100 150 200Mn (µg/L)Depth (m)Part. MnDiss. Mn0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.00 5 10 15 20 25Arsenic (µg/L)Depth (m)DissolvedParticulateTotal0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.00.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0Uranium (ug/L)Depth (m)DissolvedParticulateTotal““Excess” metals sources to Excess” metals sources to sedimentssedimentsLyssy Pond0204060801001200.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0Metal ratios to Aldepth (cm)As/AlFe/AlU/AlMg/AlLyssy Pond0204060801001200.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8Metal ratios to Aldepth (cm)Hg/AlFe/AlPb/AlUranium sources to surface Uranium sources to surface waterswaters051015202530354045500 50 100 150Metal to %Al ratioDepth (cm)0 200 400 600 800MoUVPbCrPre-reservoir - Soil051015202530354045500 50 100 150 200Metal to %Al ratioDepth (cm)0 10 20 30 40 50 60AsHgPre-reservoir - SoilLake CC sedimentsLake CC sedimentsStation 1: DO Water Profile024681012140.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)Depth (m)July August JanuaryO2 BoundaryO2 BoundaryStation 4: DO Water Profile02468100.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)Depth (m)July August JanuaryVirtually homogenous in Virtually homogenous in January and following the January and following the episodic mixing event in Julyepisodic mixing event in JulyPartial stratification Partial stratification in Augustin AugustLake CCLake CCDO ProfileDO ProfileDissolved ODissolved O22 and lake metal cycling and lake metal cyclingJuly024681012140.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0Depth (m)0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Diss-Sta1Diss-Sta4Part-Sta1Part-Sta4Oxic/Suboxic InterfaceAugust024681012140.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0Dissolved Mn (µg/L)Depth (m)0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Particulate Mn (µg/L)Diss-Sta1Diss-Sta4Part-Sta1Part-Sta4Oxic/Suboxic InterfaceDissolved ODissolved O22 and lake metal cycling and lake metal cyclingJuly024681012140 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Depth (m)Diss-Sta1Part-Sta1Diss-Sta4Part-Sta4August024681012140 2 4 6 8 10 12 14As (µg/L)Depth (m)Diss-Sta1Part-Sta1Diss-Sta4Part-Sta4Oxic/Suboxic InterfaceJuly024681012140.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0Depth (m)Diss-Sta1Part-Sta1Diss-Sta4Part-Sta4August024681012140.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0U (µg/L)Depth (m)Diss-Sta1Part-Sta1Diss-Sta4Part-Sta4Oxic/Suboxic InterfaceParticulate Matter Characteristics: A Particulate Matter Characteristics: A driver for sorption (or lack of)driver for sorption (or lack of)y = 2.13E-04x - 5.30E-03R2 = 9.90E-010.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000Fe (µg/L)Cs (µg/L)LCC-AugustLCC-JanuaryLyssyy = 0.5506x - 0.0069R2 = 0.993y = 0.2105x - 0.0038R2 = 0.95060%1%2%3%4%5%0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10%Al (%)Fe (%)FeMgParticulate matter in LCC water columnParticulate matter in LCC water columnLCC SedimentsLCC SedimentsUranium Waste Deposits: How safe is safe?Uranium Waste Deposits: How safe is safe?Background130-acre Uranium tailings pile 230 meters from west bank of Colorado RiverContamination Poses Potential Threat to:1) Fish Populations2) Human Drinking Water SupplySchematic Diagram of Moab SitePrevious FindingsOak Ridge National Laboratory (2001)–Limited Groundwater Study: Contact between bottom of pile and water table (3-12ft)-Groundwater concentrations: reach steady state for 240 yearsUtah Dept. of Env. Quality–Site-specific source of contaminated groundwater entering the Colorado River from beneath the tailings pileUS Geological Survey (1999)–Site influenced by groundwater entering the river directly from soil fissures at tamarask root line–Discharge was 3,000 cfs during August 1998 surface water and groundwater analysisExperimental Procedures•Sampling took place on August 18, 2002. •13 water samples were collected along the Colorado River.• Samples were taken upstream and downstream in stagnant and flowing