DOC PREVIEW
UNC-Chapel Hill BIOL 205 - Introduction to Development

This preview shows page 1-2-3-20-21-40-41-42 out of 42 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 42 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 42 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 42 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 42 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 42 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 42 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 42 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 42 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 42 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

March 2, 2011Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 905_02_DNA.jpg05_10_Genes_info.jpg07_37_Protein.produc.jpg08_03_control.steps.jpgSlide 14Slide 1508_13_gene.activation.jpgTranscription factors05_24_Chromatin pack.jpg08_14_chromatin.struc.jpg05_30_histone tails.jpg08_15_Reg. proteins.jpg08_18_reporter.gene.jpgSlide 23Signals can regulate activity of transcription factors08_23_cell.memory.jpg08_24_chromatin.state.jpgSlide 27Slide 28Slide 2910_14_1_Southrn.blotting.jpg10_14_2_Southrn.blotting.jpgSlide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 41Slide 42March 2, 2011Introduction to developmentGene expressionWhat cellular functions are needed to carry out development?What cellular functions are needed to carry out development?DivideGrowDifferentiateDieMoveAdhereSecreteSignalCell biological properties need to be coordinated in space and timeWhere is the “program” for development encoded?Where is the “program” for development encoded?In the genesOther influences on development:Maternal componentsEnvironmental signalsWhy do different cells behave differently?Why do different cells behave differently?Have different genes?Have different histories?Experience different environments?Chance?Have different gene expression states?Why do different cells behave differently?Have different genesHave different historiesExperience different environmentsChanceHave different gene expression states05_02_DNA.jpg05_10_Genes_info.jpgGenesCarry out functions07_37_Protein.produc.jpgSteps in gene expression08_03_control.steps.jpgmRNA localization control(tether mRNA to localized proteins)mRNA turnover control(plant microRNAs)Protein turnover control(ubiquitylation and proteasome digestion)Protein localization controlRegulation of gene expression08_03_control.steps.jpgmRNA localization control(tether mRNA to localized proteins)mRNA turnover control(plant microRNAs)Protein turnover control(ubiquitylation and proteasome digestion)Protein localization controlRegulation of gene expressioncoding strandRegulation of transcription:Parts of a gene08_13_gene.activation.jpgRegulation of transcriptionTranscription factorsDimer (Two proteins)05_24_Chromatin pack.jpgNucleosomes (histones) package DNAHistones affect gene expression08_14_chromatin.struc.jpgSome transcription factors affect histones05_30_histone tails.jpgHistone modifications affect gene expressionCan affect recruitment of transcription factors to promoterH3K27m408_15_Reg. proteins.jpgMultiple transcription factors regulate most genes08_18_reporter.gene.jpgModularity of the Drosophila even-skipped promoterCoordinated regulation of multiple genesDevelopmental functionsSignals can regulate activity of transcription factors08_23_cell.memory.jpgMaintaining gene expression states(a positive feedback loop)08_24_chromatin.state.jpgMaintaining gene expression statesThe histone code also needs to be maintained in daughter cellsMaintaining gene expression states – DNA methylationHow does one detect which genes a particular cell expresses?10_14_1_Southrn.blotting.jpgSouthern blot10_14_2_Southrn.blotting.jpgSouthern blot – DNA on blotNorthern blot – RNA on blotNorthern blot hybridization(tests one gene at a time)RT-PCR: 1) Reverse transcription(tests one gene at a time)RT-PCR: 2) Polymerase Chain Reaction(tests one gene at a time)RT-PCR summary(tests one gene at a time)Quantitate on gel or by measuring rate of DNA product accumulationIn situ hybridization of developing flowers with ARF6 probeReveals which cells in a complex tissue express the geneEarlier stages, longitudinal sectionsLater stages, transverse sectionsFrom Wildwater et al., Cell 123: 1337-1349 (2005)Rb-Related expression in Arabidopsis embryosby in situ hybridizationWhy is this pattern punctate (spotty)?coding strandMaking reporter gene fusionsExamples: lacZ, GUS, GFPInsert construct into transgenic organismPromoter Reporter genePARF6::ARF6::GUS fusion expression in ovulesPromoter:protein:reporter fusion geneIn situ hybridizations08_18_reporter.gene.jpgPromoter:reporter fusion gene in a transgenic fly embryoKosman et al., Science 254: 118-122 (1991)anti-Snailanti-TwistImmunolocalization of Snail and Twist proteins in Drosophila embryosReveals protein locationUtility of looking at expression of single genes at a time:Markers of cell type, differentiationVisualization of regulatory eventsUtility of looking at expression of many genes at once:Global view of tissue identityComparing different tissues or statesGlobal view of regulatory


View Full Document

UNC-Chapel Hill BIOL 205 - Introduction to Development

Documents in this Course
Flies

Flies

42 pages

Load more
Download Introduction to Development
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Introduction to Development and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Introduction to Development 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?