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Danziger: Part IIDanziger, Chapter 5 States and NationsA State must exercise basic principles:Principles of State, continued:The Domain of State ActionThe NationThe Nation, continuedConcept of the Political System (David Easton 1953, 1965)Easton’s Conceptualization of the Political SystemSlide 10Danziger, Chapter 6 Political Institutions I: StructuresII. The ExecutiveIII. The AdministrationAdministration continuedIII. The JudiciaryThe Judiciary, continuedThe Federal Court SystemcontinuedPlus the District of Columbia Courts http://www.dccourts.gov/dccourts/about/general.jspDanziger, Chapter 7: Political Institutions II: Institutional ArrangementsKinds of DemocraciesRequired Principles for a real Representative Democracy (a Republic)Conditions required for Democracy: Rejai (1995)Conditions for Democracy, continuedNon-democracies, Danziger, Chapter 7Authoritarian RegimeTotalitarian Regimes:Constitutional RegimesNon-constitutional Regimes:Three Political Systems and their Areal Distribution of PowersA Federation, or FederalismA ConfederationForms of Executive--Legislative RelationsParliamentary (Cabinet) GovernmentHybrid Systems:Political Party SystemsMultiparty SystemsParty Systems, continuedDanziger, Chp. 8: A Political-Economic FrameworkTypes of EconomiesDanziger: Part IIPrepared and Presented by Angela Oberbauer ©2011Danziger, Chapter 5States and NationsTHE STATE:“The legal concept of “State”: is a territorially bound sovereign entity” (a concept resulting out of the “Treaty of Westphalia 1648”, which ended the 30 Years War).A State must exercise basic principles: I. Sovereignty: a. That a state has complete “authority”.b. That a state is the “ultimate source” of law within its own territory. Sovereignty is the key element in the Legal concept of State.Principles of State, continued:II. Territorial Integrity: a. A state must have sufficient power to protect itself militarily; to resist and reject any aggression, invasion, or intervention within its territorial boundaries. b. Protect its “National Interests.”The Domain of State Action•How extensive should the State’s role in a society be?•The Domain of State Action is military power as seen by the Conservative view.•“res publica” meaning “things of the people”.Different ideologies have different interpretations, withsome philosophies stating the State has no role. To others,believing the State’s role should be overall dominant,or even minimal.The NationA “Natio” is a human group with a deeply shared fundamental identification in a particular geographic area, that wants to advance the interests and welfare of its own “nation” or “national identity,” or “group,” such as: Religion, community, ethnicity, culture, territorial heritage, language.The Nation, continued•Nationalism: a powerful commitment to the advancement of the inerests and welfare of an individual’s own nation [or group] with minimal concern about the conditions of those outside the nation (Danziger).•Multinational states: include significant groups whose fundamental identities are associated with different nations = most countries.•Ethnonationalism: When nationality identities are very strong and are based on religion, race, and/or ethnicity, they can produce intense animosity and violence between groups, within and between states (in Danziger, Connor 1994; Conversi 2004; Snyder 2000).Concept of the Political System(David Easton 1953, 1965)Easton suggests “the political system is a system of behavior, and it is defined by its distinctive activities: the authoritative allocation of values for a society” (in Danziger).Therefore, a system in which individuals and components interact with each other and are often dependent or interdependent upon each other, thereby often influencing policy makingEaston’s Conceptualization of the Political SystemEaston’s Political System Model is?“An Input-Output system”: The Environments Are? A system which has an “external environment” which includes virtually every activity in the world that is external to the territory of the state;and an “ internal environment” which includes all activities within the state’s society and also shares the same spatial area of the political system. Activities? can be: political, economic, social, ecological, and other.Internal EnvironmentDemands Political SystemINPUTS  Conversion intoPolicy makingOUTPUTS Supports   Policy/Laws inputinputinputEaston describes the interactionsbetween the Inputs of a Political System and its OutputsExternal EnvironmentDanziger, Chapter 6Political Institutions I: StructuresI. The Legislature is a basic structure ofgovernance within the State:--It may be “unicameral,” one house.--May be “bicameral,” two houses.Roles of the Legislature:-Enactment of legislation-Representation of citizenry-Oversight of the Executive-Public EducationII. The ExecutiveRoles of Executives:• Leadership, symbolic, and ceremonial roles.• Supervision of the administration.• Supervision of the military and foreign affairs.Structural Arrangements: Fused versus Dual Executive.1. One Actor, the head of state, ceremonial role.2. The other Actor, the head of government, is responsible for the more political aspectsUS has a Presidential System: One Executive carries out the head of state role and the head of government role.III. The AdministrationThe Administration is the total Executive Branch machinery and the processes through which rules and policies are applied and implemented.The Bureaucracy is a particular structure and set of processes (departments and agencies) through which the Administration can operate.Administration continuedFunctions and Power:1. Information Management.2. Provision of Knowledge, advisory.3. Provision of public goods and services.4. Regulation and enforcement of public policies.5. Extraction of resources: collectors of revenues,and operate state owned or directed goods and resources.III. The JudiciaryThe Adjudication function attempts to:•Interpret laws.•Apply the relevant rules or laws.•It is utilized as a mechanism of social control ensuring acceptable social behavior.•To Arbitrate over other branches of government in the political system to check that their actions are constitutional and according to law.The Judiciary, continuedJudicial Systems and Structures varyThe United States has a “dual


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MESA POSC 101 - Danziger II

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