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UW-Madison ME 964 - INTRODUCTION TO THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

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INTRODUCTION TO THE FINITEELEMENT METHODG. P. Nikishkov2004 Lecture Notes. University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, [email protected] 2004-01-19Contents1 Introduction 51.1 What is the finite element method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.2 How the FEM works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.3 Formulation of finite element equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.3.1 Galerkin method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.3.2 Variational formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Finite Element Equations for Heat Transfer 112.1 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.2 Finite element discretization of heat transfer equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.3 Different Type Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 FEM for Solid Mechanics Problems 153.1 Problem statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.2 Finite element equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.3 Assembly of the global equation system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Finite Elements 214.1 Two-dimensional triangular element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214.2 Two-dimensional isoparametric elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224.2.1 Shape functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224.2.2 Strain-displacement matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234.2.3 Element properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244.2.4 Integration in quadrilateral elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254.2.5 Calculation of strains and stresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264.3 Three-dimensional isoparametric elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284.3.1 Shape functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284.3.2 Strain-displacement matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294.3.3 Element properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304.3.4 Efficient computation of the stiffness matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304.3.5 Integration of the stiffness matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314.3.6 Calculation of strains and stresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314.3.7 Extrapolation of strains and stresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3134CONTENTS5 Discretization 335.1 Discrete model of the problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335.2 Mesh generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345.2.1 Mesh generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345.2.2 Mapping technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345.2.3 Delaunay triangulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Assembly and Solution 376.1 Disassembly and assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376.2 Disassembly algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386.3 Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386.3.1 Assembly algorithm for vectors . . . . . . . . . …


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